基于淮河中游鱼类不同等级生境保护目标的生态需水

随着社会经济发展,生产生活用水长期挤占生态环境用水,造成河道断流、生境破坏、生态系统恶化等一系列生态环境问题。针对淮河流域目前的水生态环境问题,以淮河中游鱼类为研究对象,通过分析河段天然流量过程,以淮河流域生态恢复为目标,建立鱼类保护目标概念模型,采用IHA及EFC指标体系分析天然流量变化特性,并用HEC-RAS模型基于鱼类生态水力需求确定流量值大小,得出符合天然流量动态变化且满足不同等级生境目标需求的生态需水推荐结果,可为淮河流域水资源优化配置提供依据。     

生物质中元素分布特征的聚类分析研究

测定了稻草秆、小麦秆、玉米秆、棉花秆、大豆秆、玉米芯、花生壳和柳树、松树、桦树、杨树、杉树 1 2个农业生物质和林业生物质种类 2 7个样品中主要元素 K,Ca,Na,Mg,Al,Fe,P和痕量元素 As,Cr,Co,Cu,Cd,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Ti,Zn,V,Si,Ba,Be,Se,Sb,Ge,Hg的含量 ,并用SPSS聚类分析法分别进行了 R型和 Q型聚类研究 ,对这些元素在生物质中的分布特征进行了研究 .结果显示 :杨木、杉木和桦木与松木和柳木归成一大类 ,经济类作物黄豆秆和棉花秆分别归类后又归入一大类 ;农业生物质稻草秆和小麦秆、玉米秆被归入一类 ;虽然 2 7种生物质样品分别取自我国东北、华东、华北和西南地区 ,在地理位置上相距极远 ,但样品聚类谱系图表明 ,元素的分布特征与生物质的种类的关系显著 ,与产地的关系不明显 ,即元素的分布特征受种类的影响大 ,而受生长环境、气候、土壤条件的影响小 .     

直链烷基苯生产工艺及市场分析

通过对大量资料的收集与整理，简述了全球直链烷基苯的生产工艺及应用情况，重点介绍了目前全球最新的直链烷基苯生产工艺——固体酸烷基化生产工艺(DETAL工艺)。同时对全球范围内直链烷基苯的供应与需求情况进行了介绍，并对直链烷基苯的未来市场进行了分析与预测。     

灰色关联分析法在矿体可崩性评价中的应用

在用软划分方法建立矿体可崩性分级标准的基础上，提出了评价矿体可崩性的灰色关联分析法，并结合实例进行了验证．     

A novel approach for fit analysis of thermal protective clothing using three-dimensional body scanning

The garment fit played an important role in protective performance, comfort and mobility. The purpose of this study is to quantify the air gap to quantitatively characterize a three-dimensional (3-D) garment fit using a 3-D body scanning technique. A method for processing of scanned data was developed to investigate the air gap size and distribution between the clothing and human body. The mesh model formed from nude and clothed body was aligned, superimposed and sectioned using Rapidform software. The air gap size and distribution over the body surface were analyzed. The total air volume was also calculated. The effects of fabric properties and garment size on air gap distribution were explored. The results indicated that average air gap of the fit clothing was around 25–30 mm and the overall air gap distribution was similar. The air gap was unevenly distributed over the body and it was strongly associated with the body parts, fabric properties and garment size. The research will help understand the overall clothing fit and its association with protection, thermal and movement comfort, and provide guidelines for clothing engineers to improve thermal performance and reduce physiological burden.     

An Objective Method to Prioritize Socio‐Environmental Water Management Tradeoffs Using Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis

Rivers provide many social and environmental services that benefit humanity. A critical role of water mangers is to prioritize water allocation options that trade off socio‐economic and hydro‐ecological benefits in rivers. Methods for multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) provide a structured and systematic manner for researchers to aid in this process. In this paper, we describe a new MCDA method that prioritizes large multi‐dimensional sets of tradeoffs to support well‐informed water management in rivers. The method was developed based on an environmental flows planning study in the Goulburn‐Broken River catchment, Victoria, Australia. A combined simulation and heuristic optimization procedure was previously integrated into a hydrological catchment network model. That process resulted in a large set of viable daily water allocation schedules that traded off long‐term irrigation and hydro‐ecological benefits at the catchment outlet. We provided new guidance procedures to identify priority tradeoffs that can be used in stakeholder deliberations and catchment decision‐making. Our MCDA method included combined multi‐dimensional ordination and cluster analysis to spread the water allocation alternatives onto a two‐dimensional plane to discover alternatives with similar criteria tradeoffs. A geometric distance‐based method was performed on the full set of alternatives and on the identified clusters to rank the alternatives in accordance with minimizing the distance of the alternatives to an ideal but non‐feasible reference point in multi‐dimensional space. This method complements the use of elicitation procedures when water manager or other stakeholder interaction is not an option or when objectivity is desired. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯的含量

采用50mOV 1毛细管柱,FID检测器,正二十二烷做内标,测定甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯的含量,其变异系数为0.92%,结果准确、可靠。     

农药残留分析样品前处理技术新进展

介绍了近年来农药残留样品前处理技术的新进展,并对此进行了评述和展望。     

气化炉锥底砖、激冷环与下降筒的损毁与解决对策

针对国产化大氮肥水煤浆气化炉中锥底砖、激冷环和下降筒使用过程中出现的问题,分析了损毁原因,分别从技术改进、工艺操作和设备管理等方面提出了相应的解决对策,可以不同程度地延长锥底砖、激冷环、下降筒的寿命。     

电导法测定水的全盐量

采用电导法研究了水溶液中盐的浓度与其电导率的关系，根据模拟水样和实际水样在电导率与全盐量的关系上有较好的吻合性，介绍了电导法测定水中全盐量的方法，结果表明在低浓度范围内电导率与盐浓度成线性关系，与传统的重量法相比，具有快速、简便、准确度高的特点。