Changes in the Immune Cell Repertoire for the Treatment of Malignant Melanoma

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been used for the treatment of various types of cancers, including malignant melanoma. Mechanistic exploration of tumor immune responses is essential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs. Since tumor immune responses are based on antigen-specific immune responses, investigators have focused on T cell receptors (TCRs) and have analyzed changes in the TCR repertoire. The proliferation of T cell clones against tumor antigens is detected in patients who respond to treatment with ICIs. The proliferation of these T cell clones is observed within tumors as well as in the peripheral blood. Clonal proliferation has been detected not only in CD8-positive T cells but also in CD4-positive T cells, resident memory T cells, and B cells. Moreover, changes in the repertoire at an early stage of treatment seem to be useful for predicting the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs. Further analyses of the repertoire of immune cells are desirable to improve and predict the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs.     

基于单片机控制的调功调速电暖气设计

三星T108插卡出现“系统失败。请与三星服务中心联系”。手机进过水。分析检修：先仔细查看一下手机尾插，发现有进水的痕迹。于是拆下主板后用无水酒精好好的清洗尾插，清洗尾插后开机测码片的5#和6#的电压，发现5#的SDA的电压还是很低，只有零点几伏。用万用表的电阻档测尾插7#(SDA)和8#(地)间的电阻很小，接近短路。把V208和V209两个器件全部取下来，还是短路，说明尾插内部已经短路。换尾插成本太高，于是就把尾插的7#划断，再测码片5#的SDA电压恢复到3V正常值。插卡试机，手机工作正常。     

Acid Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of a Contaminated Soil using Constant Current Density: Strong vs. Weak Acid

The most typical enhancement for electrokinetic remediation (EKR) involves the neutralization of the alkaline front generated at the cathode by the addition of an acid to the catholyte. Although the use of strong and weak acids can be found in the literature, there is still a clear lack of reliable comparisons between them. This paper presents a comparison of the results obtained for a real lead contaminated soil treated by EKR enhanced with nitric or with acetic acid. The divergences that are usually observed in those experimental results obtained when using constant voltage drop are avoided here by the use of EKR with constant current intensity and the disposition in series of the soil lab columns. Important differences are observed in the behavior of the system when the acid was changed. The time needed to achieve the same metal recovery is more than 3 times longer for the nitric acid. A standard sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate the lead concentration in the soil according to its mobility in a before- and after-treatment way. Regardless of these important differences observed in the remediation time, the fractionation results after the experiments were almost the same for the two acid enhanced EKRs.     

Fractionation of metals in street sediment samples by using the BCR sequential extraction procedure and multivariate statistical elucidation of the data

The concentrations of metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in street sediment samples were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) using the modified BCR (the European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure. According to the BCR protocol for extracting the metals from the relevant target phases, 1.0 g of specimen of the sample was treated with 0.11 M acetic acid (exchangeable and bound to carbonates), 0.5M hydroxylamine hydrochloride (bound to iron- and manganese-oxides), and 8.8M hydrogen peroxide plus 1M ammonium acetate (bound to sulphides and organics), sequentially. The residue was treated with aqua regia solution for recovery studies, although this step is not part of the BCR procedure. The mobility sequence based on the sum of the BCR sequential extraction stages was: Cd approximately Zn ( approximately 90%)>Pb ( approximately 84%)>Cu ( approximately 75%)>Mn ( approximately 70%)>Co ( approximately 57%)>Ni ( approximately 43%)>Cr ( approximately 40%)>Fe ( approximately 17%). Enrichment factors as the criteria for examining the impact of the anthropogenic emission sources of heavy metals were calculated, and it was observed that the highest enriched elements were Cd, Pb, and Zn in the dust samples, average 190, 111, and 20, respectively. Correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to the data matrix to evaluate the analytical results and to identify the possible pollution sources of metals. PCA revealed that the sampling area was mainly influenced from three pollution sources, namely; traffic, industrial, and natural sources. The results show that chemical sequential extraction is a precious operational tool. Validation of the analytical results was checked by both recovery studies and analysis of the standard reference material (NIST SRM 2711 Montana Soil).     

Machine learning based adaptive watermark decoding in view of anticipated attack

We present an innovative scheme of blindly extracting message bits when a watermarked image is distorted. In this scheme, we have exploited the capabilities of machine learning (ML) approaches for nonlinearly classifying the embedded bits. The proposed technique adaptively modifies the decoding strategy in view of the anticipated attack. The extraction of bits is considered as a binary classification problem. Conventionally, a hard decoder is used with the assumption that the underlying distribution of the discrete cosine transform coefficients do not change appreciably. However, in case of attacks related to real world applications of watermarking, such as JPEG compression in case of shared medical image warehouses, these coefficients are heavily altered. The sufficient statistics corresponding to the maximum likelihood based decoding process, which are considered as features in the proposed scheme, overlap at the receiving end, and a simple hard decoder fails to classify them properly. In contrast, our proposed ML decoding model has attained highest accuracy on the test data. Experimental results show that through its training phase, our proposed decoding scheme is able to cope with the alterations in features introduced by a new attack. Consequently, it achieves promising improvement in terms of bit correct ratio in comparison to the existing decoding scheme.     

BCR提取法测定白酒陶瓷包装中重金属形态

采用BCR提取法、总量微波消解法和乙酸提取法对照研究白酒陶瓷包装中Pb、Cd、Zn、Ni和Co的溶出量及形态分布。结果表明,BCR提取法的重金属形态之和是微波消解后陶瓷包装中重金属总量的84.90%～109.38%,且含量均为Zn＞Ni＞Pb＞Co＞Cd;基于BCR提取形态的重金属溶出风险Zn和Ni最高,Pb和Co的溶出风险中等,而Cd几乎无溶出风险。BCR提取形态中弱酸提取态和可还原态之和是4%乙酸24 h重金属溶出量的79.55%～411.75%,相关分析表明弱酸提取态和体积分数4%乙酸浸泡溶液的相关性更显著。基于BCR可提取形态的相关分析,说明陶瓷包装材料在长期贮存含有酸、还原性和氧化性物质的白酒时可能会增加重金属溶出的风险。因此,采用BCR提取法可进一步深入分析白酒陶瓷包装的重金属溶出特征,为探讨重金属溶出对白酒酒质与人体健康风险提供科学依据。     

西藏某矿厂铁尾矿中重金属形态及迁移潜力分析

以西藏某矿厂两个尾矿库的铁尾矿(TW-1，TW-2)为研究对象，采用《浸出毒性浸出方法 硫酸硝酸法》HJ/T299-2007研究铁尾矿的浸出毒性，以改进的BCR法探讨铁尾矿中9种重金属的形态分布。结果表明：铁尾矿属于一般固体废弃物，铁尾矿中Fe、Mn 、Zn和Cu含量较高。铁尾矿中As含量超出一类用地风险筛选值3倍。TW-1中Cd的浸出浓度超出Ⅱ类水标准。TW-1重金属活性系数的大小为Pb>Cd>Ni>Zn>Cu>Mn>Cr>Fe>As，TW-2重金属活性系数的大小为Pb>Zn>Ni>Cd>Mn>Cu>Cr>Fe>As。综合9种重金属的迁移能力，结果为TW-1重金属迁移潜力大于TW-2。铁尾矿中的Pb、Cu、Cd和Zn的易于迁出态占比超过60%，对环境有潜在的风险。其中Pb以还原态为主，Cu、Cd和Zn以氧化态为主。     

Physicochemical properties of arsenic-bearing lime–ferrate sludge and its leaching behaviors

Physicochemical properties and leaching behaviors of two typical arsenic-bearing lime–ferrate sludges (ABLFS), waste acid residue (WAR) and calcium arsenate residue (CAR), are comprehensively described. The chemical composition, morphological features, phase composition and arsenic occurrence state of WAR and CAR are analyzed by ICP–AES, SEM–EDS, XRD, XPS and chemical phase analysis. The toxicity leaching test and three-stage BCR sequential extraction procedure are utilized to investigate arsenic leaching behaviors. The results show that the contents of arsenic in WAR and CAR are 2.5% and 21.2% and mainly present in the phases of arsenate and arsenic oxides dispersed uniformly or agglomerated in amorphous particles. The leaching concentrations of arsenic excess 119 and 1063 times of TCLP standard regulatory level with leaching rates of 47.66% and 50.15% for WAR and CAR, respectively. About 90% of extracted arsenic is in the form of acid soluble and reducible, which is the reason of high arsenic leaching toxicity and environmental activity of ABLFS. This research provides comprehensive information on harmless disposal of ABLFS from industrial wastewater treatment of lime–ferrate process.