不同预处理方式对有机膨润土吸附性能的影响

分别以钠化和热化预处理膨润土,再用CTMAB进行改性,制得两种有机膨润土,通过红外(IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征结构,采用批量实验研究两种有机膨润土的吸附性能,讨论pH值、吸附时间和温度等因素对吸附能力的影响,从动力学和热力学方面探讨吸附机理.结果表明,热化有机土(TOB)比钠化有机土(NOB)的层间距更大,吸附性能更强.准二级动力方程能更好的描述两种有机土对双酚A的吸附过程,等温曲线符合Freundlich方程,热力学参数△H0、△G0和△S0均小于零,说明两种有机土对双酚A的吸附是放热的、自发的过程.     

双酚A装置基于风险检验技术的应用

对某企业双酚A装置进行风险评估,发现10%的设备和管道承担了装置90%的风险。随着时间的推移,装置风险有了较大增高,因此需要定期检验来降低装置风险。根据装置风险评估的结果制定检验方案,实践证明基于风险的检验更具针对性,也降低了装置的风险,为企业节约了成本。     

Application of Slurry Type Photocatalytic Oxidation‐Submerged Hollow Fiber Microfiltration Hybrid System for the Degradation of Bisphenol A (BPA)

Abstract

A pilot scale, slurry type photocatalytic reactor, followed by submerged hollow fiber microfiltration (MF) membrane hybrid system was evaluated for simultaneous and complete destruction of toxic organic chemical bisphenol A (BPA) and separation of photocatalyst TiO₂; in order to obtain a reusable quality water. With simple modification to the treatment operation, the effect of photocatalytic reaction at modest variations in temperature was examined. Adsorption pretreatment was carried out prior to photocatalysis (UV/TiO₂). BPA adsorption ability on TiO₂ was very less (about 15%) at 25°C. However, adsorption pretreatment followed by photocatalytic oxidation (UV/TiO₂) at an elevated nearly constant temperature (about 70°C) helped in increasing the BPA degradation efficiency. The effect of ozone introduction into the treatment stream was also analyzed. Applying ozone along with UV/TiO₂, brought about a synergistic effect on BPA degradation. Within 3 h, entire 10 ppm of BPA and the by‐product organic compounds were completely removed. TiO₂ particle separation performance using hollow fiber membrane was enhanced by adopting a two‐stage coagulation/sedimentation pretreatment. With initial turbidity of 4000 NTU, the turbidity of the final permeate water was well below 0.1 NTU. Almost complete removal of particles was achieved. Some of the main advantages of this hybrid treatment system include, large‐scale treatment, complete and efficient BPA and its organic intermediates degradation, TiO₂ easily separated after treatment and capable for reuse as it is free from chemical coagulant contaminants, reusable quality water is obtained, and the system has the potential for continuous operation with simple process modifications.     

BPA向PSS/E的数据转换及暂态稳定比较研究

BPA和PSS/E均为机电暂态仿真软件,两者潮流数据和暂态模型具有较好的相似性,在对BPA和PSS/E两种仿真软件的暂稳态数学模型分析和比较的基础上,提出了BPA向PSS/E数据转换的详细方法,并通过某交直流系统进行仿真测试,对潮流计算结果和稳定计算结果进行了对比分析,仿真结果表明两者潮流基本一致,暂态仿真结果相似,暂稳态过程基本吻合,表明BPA数据可以准确的转换为PSS/E数据,实现数据共享.     

Are BPA Substitutes as Obesogenic as BPA?

Metabolic diseases, such as obesity, Type II diabetes and hepatic steatosis, are a significant public health concern affecting more than half a billion people worldwide. The prevalence of these diseases is constantly increasing in developed countries, affecting all age groups. The pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is complex and multifactorial. Inducer factors can either be genetic or linked to a sedentary lifestyle and/or consumption of high-fat and sugar diets. In 2002, a new concept of “environmental obesogens” emerged, suggesting that environmental chemicals could play an active role in the etiology of obesity. Bisphenol A (BPA), a xenoestrogen widely used in the plastic food packaging industry has been shown to affect many physiological functions and has been linked to reproductive, endocrine and metabolic disorders and cancer. Therefore, the widespread use of BPA during the last 30 years could have contributed to the increased incidence of metabolic diseases. BPA was banned in baby bottles in Canada in 2008 and in all food-oriented packaging in France from 1 January 2015. Since the BPA ban, substitutes with a similar structure and properties have been used by industrials even though their toxic potential is unknown. Bisphenol S has mainly replaced BPA in consumer products as reflected by the almost ubiquitous human exposure to this contaminant. This review focuses on the metabolic effects and targets of BPA and recent data, which suggest comparable effects of the structural analogs used as substitutes.     

Adsorption of Bisphenol A to a Carbon Nanotube Reduced Its Endocrine Disrupting Effect in Mice Male Offspring

Soluble carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown promise as materials for adsorption of environmental contaminants such as Bisphenol A (BPA), due to the high adsorption capacity and strong desorption hysteresis of BPA on CNTs. The adsorption of BPA to CNTs may change the properties of both BPA and CNTs, and induce different toxicity to human and living systems from that of BPA and CNTs alone. Herein, we report that oral exposure of BPA/MWCNT–COOH (carboxylated multi-walled carbon nantubes) adduct to mice during gestation and lactation period decreased the male offspring reproductive toxicity compared with those induced by BPA alone. The adduct decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in testis and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum, but increased the level of serum testosterone in male offspring in comparison to BPA alone. Our investigations broadened the knowledge of nanotoxicity and provided important information on the safe application of CNTs.     

The Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System Response of the Seagrass Cymodocea nodosa to Bisphenol-A Toxicity

The effects of environmentally relevant bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations (0.3, 1 and 3 μg L⁻¹) were tested at 2, 4, 6 and 8 days, on intermediate leaves, of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production, lipid peroxidation, protein, phenolic content and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated. Increased H₂O₂ formation was detected even at the lowest BPA treatments from the beginning of the experiment and both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms were activated upon application of BPA. Elevated H₂O₂ levels that were detected as a response to increasing BPA concentrations and incubation time, led to the decrease of protein content on the 4th day even at the two lower BPA concentrations, and to the increase of the lipid peroxidation at the highest concentration. However, on the 6th day of BPA exposure, protein content did not differ from the control, indicating the ability of both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms (such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenolics) to counteract the BPA-derived oxidative stress. The early response of the protein content determined that the Low Effect Concentration (LOEC) of BPA is 0.3 μg L⁻¹ and that the protein content meets the requirements to be considered as a possible early warning “biomarker” for C. nodosa against BPA toxicity.     

Copolycondensation of IPA/TPA,BPA, and 4,4′‐dihydroxydipehnylsulfone and 4,4′‐dicarboxydiphenylsulfone

Copolycondensations of IPA, TPA, bisphenol A (BPA), and several cimonomers were carried out to improve thermal properties, such as, the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the IPA/TPA (50/50)–BPA polyester. Among the comonomers examined, 4,4′‐Dihydroxydiphenylsulfone (BPS) and 4,4′‐Dicarboxydiphenylsulfone (DCDPS) having a strongly dipolar sulfonyl group in the chain were significantly effective. The favorable effect upon the T_gs was studied by varying the amounts of BPS and DCDPS incorporated into the copolymers. In the copolycondensation with BPS, two‐stage copolycondensation of BPA first and then BPS, the reverse order of reaction, and their spontaneous addition were examined to investigate the effect of distribution of the BPS unit segments in the copolymer upon the T_gs of the resulted copolymers. The distribution was briefly studied from distribution of the IPA/TPA‐BPA oligomers in the initial reaction using GPC. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 875–879, 2000     

Determinate the BPA in Biological Samples by Spectrophotometry

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a new radiation therapy, of which clinical interest has focused primarily on the treatment of high-grade gliomas.At present, the most effective drug for BNCT is p-Boronophenylalanine（BPA), becouse it has little side effect and low toxicity, persisted longer in tumors compared with related molecules. The method of 3-Methoxy-Methylenimine H spectrophotometry was established to measure the concentration of ¹⁰B in biological samples. The biodistribution of the BPA was studied in normal mice.     

基于BPA的电力系统低压减载的研究

低压减载作为电力系统的第三道防线,是维持电力系统安全稳定和经济运行,并保证电能质量的重要措施.依工程实际需求,在电力系统分析软件BPA的基础上,参考国内外现有研究成果,针对分散型低压减载方案,提出基于电压-无功灵敏度减负荷的方法确定低压减载量.采用连续潮流算法,确定薄弱区域的电压-无功灵敏度,最后通过时域仿真分析对所配置的方案进行校验.以河北南网2007年夏季高峰数据为例,验证了该方法具有很好的工程参考价值.