Modeling data envelopment analysis by chance method in hybrid uncertain environments

This article first presents several formulas of chance distributions for trapezoidal fuzzy random variables and their functions, then develops a new class of chance model (C-model for short) about data envelopment analysis (DEA) in fuzzy random environments, in which the inputs and outputs are assumed to be characterized by fuzzy random variables with known possibility and probability distributions. Since the objective and constraint functions contain the chance of fuzzy random events, for general fuzzy random inputs and outputs, we suggest an approximation method to compute the chance. When the inputs and outputs are mutually independent trapezoidal fuzzy random variables, we can turn the chance constraints and the chance objective into their equivalent stochastic ones by applying the established formulas for the chance distributions. In the case when the inputs and the outputs are mutually independent trapezoidal fuzzy random vectors, the proposed C-model can be transformed to its equivalent stochastic programming one, in which the objective and the constraint functions include a number of standard normal distribution functions. To solve such an equivalent stochastic programming, we design a hybrid algorithm by integrating Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and genetic algorithm (GA), in which MC simulation is used to calculate standard normal distribution functions, and GA is used to solve the optimization problems. Finally, one numerical example is presented to demonstrate the proposed modeling idea and the efficiency in the proposed model.     

基于神经网络的变流量管路摩阻系数计算

应用改进的BP神经网络算法对过渡区内流量变化下的蒸汽管路摩阻系数进行了预测,解决了因蒸汽流量变化而使得摩阻系数值计算过程复杂繁琐、效率低下的问题。实例表明,该方法得到的仿真值与Colebrook方程计算值符合较好,所产生的误差平均水平能够满足工程计算的精度要求。     

基于语义模式的英语动词汉译

英语动词正确汉译是机器翻译的难点.为此,提出一种基于动词语义模式库、固定句式库和变量库的英语动词汉译算法.介绍语义模式的提取方法,构建常用动词的语义模式库、固定句式库和变量库,归纳动词语义模式的3种结构形式:V语义模式,VO相邻语义模式和VO非相邻语义模式.动词语义模式库由上述3种结构形式对应的模式库构成.实验结果表明...     

Development of a sequential robust–tolerance design model for a destructive quality characteristic

Robust design (RD) and tolerance design (TD) have received much attention from researchers and practitioners for more than two decades, and a number of methodologies for modeling and optimizing the RD and TD processes have been studied. However, there is ample room for improvement. Because most existing research considers RD and TD as separate research fields, the primary objective of this paper is to develop a sequential robust–tolerance design method to jointly determine the best factor settings and the closed-form solutions for the optimal specification limits. We then apply the proposed method to a destructive quality characteristic. Finally, a case study and sensitivity analyses are performed for verification purposes, and further studies are discussed.     

Metaheuristics for the dynamic stochastic dial-a-ride problem with expected return transports

The problem of transporting patients or elderly people has been widely studied in literature and is usually modeled as a dial-a-ride problem (DARP). In this paper we analyze the corresponding problem arising in the daily operation of the Austrian Red Cross. This nongovernmental organization is the largest organization performing patient transportation in Austria. The aim is to design vehicle routes to serve partially dynamic transportation requests using a fixed vehicle fleet. Each request requires transportation from a patient's home location to a hospital (outbound request) or back home from the hospital (inbound request). Some of these requests are known in advance. Some requests are dynamic in the sense that they appear during the day without any prior information. Finally, some inbound requests are stochastic. More precisely, with a certain probability each outbound request causes a corresponding inbound request on the same day. Some stochastic information about these return transports is available from historical data. The purpose of this study is to investigate, whether using this information in designing the routes has a significant positive effect on the solution quality. The problem is modeled as a dynamic stochastic dial-a-ride problem with expected return transports. We propose four different modifications of metaheuristic solution approaches for this problem. In detail, we test dynamic versions of variable neighborhood search (VNS) and stochastic VNS (S-VNS) as well as modified versions of the multiple plan approach (MPA) and the multiple scenario approach (MSA). Tests are performed using 12 sets of test instances based on a real road network. Various demand scenarios are generated based on the available real data. Results show that using the stochastic information on return transports leads to average improvements of around 15%. Moreover, improvements of up to 41% can be achieved for some test instances.     

Information transmittal, Newton’s law of gravitation, and tensor approach to general relativity

The special relativity considered in [A. Einstein, Zur Elektrodynamik der bewegte Körper. Ann. Physik, 17 (1905) 891-921] is based on the concept of finite speed of information transmittal by the available signals (rays of light). It is demonstrated that the same concept applies to Newton’s law of universal gravitation since the magnitude of distances between attracting masses can be physically defined (carried, accounted in acting forces of gravity) only by signals (physical processes) propagating at finite velocities. It follows that the speed of propagation of gravity is finite. The linear transformations of special relativity are applied to Newton’s law of gravitation to take into account the relativistic effects of information transmittal in a field of central forces of attraction. Relativistic representations of Newton’s law are obtained with respect to the center of gravity exposing illusory effects that appear at high velocities. It is verified that in atomic physics the effect of Newtonian gravitation on the motion of elementary particles at high velocities is negligible also in relativistic consideration. Computational methods are developed to measure the intensity of gravitation at a distant space-time location using a body that travels in space, emitting uniform pulses of light that are received by the observer at a different space-time location. It is demonstrated that the tensor approach to the general relativity and the united theory of space, time and gravitation in which the geometrical properties (metric) of the four-dimensional space-time continuum depend on the distribution of gravitating masses in space and their motion represent a transformed Lorentz invariant with a new type of inertia in the field of forces changing in space and time. Real physical processes evolve according to the forces represented in the tensor form by this invariant which is equivalent to the coordinate-free local invariant of relativistic dynamics that defines the field and the motion of a body whose velocities and accelerations can be measured by relativistic identification methods at a point, time and direction of interest. The results open new avenues for research in the general relativity and can be used for software development, field measurements and experimental studies in application to distant or fast moving systems.     

面向控制的分数阶微分模型的快速数值计算

求解分数阶控制系统的关键在于如何快速精确地计算分数阶微分.针对短记忆法和变步长记忆法的计算精度和计算复杂性顾此失彼的矛盾,本文提出了一种恒权重记忆法,它不舍弃历史数据,而是采用常值权重后全部记忆.在每个后继的采样周期,只需把新的数据简单叠加到历史数据上来考虑,从而极大地提高了计算精度和降低了计算复杂性,且有效地化解了两...     

Maximum entropy membership functions for discrete fuzzy variables

Due to the deficiency of information, the membership function of a fuzzy variable cannot be obtained explicitly. It is a challenging work to find an appropriate membership function when certain partial information about a fuzzy variable is given, such as expected value or moments. This paper solves such problems for discrete fuzzy variables via maximum entropy principle and proves some maximum entropy theorems with certain constraints. A genetic algorithm is designed to solve the general maximum entropy model for discrete fuzzy variables, which is illustrated by some numerical experiments.     

Best value concessionaire selection through a fuzzy logic system

Best value is the ultimate goal in the development of infrastructure projects through public private partnerships. This necessitates a best value approach in selecting the right private partner (i.e., the concessionaire) that involves evaluating alternative concessionaires against multiple conflicting criteria of varying degrees of importance and uncertainty. Correspondingly, this paper has developed a quantitative best value concessionaire selection system. The essence of this system lies in (1) the establishment of four-package evaluation criteria that can effectively measure the concessionaire’s capability and “predict” its future performance toward achieving the government’s best value objectives and (2) the development of a fuzzy-composite scoring and ranking method that ensures the right “tradeoff” between these criteria by relatively weighting fuzzy scores and logically aggregating evaluation results. This system would not only provide the government integrated assessments of alternative concessionaires so as to award the contract to the right concessionaire whose proposal is perceived to be able to maximize the outcome of the project, but also satisfy the requirements of the legal decision in order to withstand legal challenges concerning the public contract awarded in a best value approach. A hypothetical case study is provided to demonstrate the application of this best value concessionaire selection system.     

交换式以太网控制系统传感器变采样调度研究

针对基于交换式以太网的网络化控制系统的数据传输和控制性能优化问题,提出了传感器根据给定值与实测值差额的绝对值对照静态调度表变采样周期的调度优化方法.使用TrueTime 2.0工具箱搭建了交换式以太网控制系统仿真平台进行仿真研究,并与定采样周期方法进行了对比,仿真结果验证了其可行性.此方法在实际的工程应用中具有一定的参考价值.