The effect of plane booster reflectors on the performance of a solar air heater with solar cells suitable for a solar dryer

We present a theoretical study of a solar photovoltaic-thermal (hybrid) system consisting of a flat-plate solar air heater mounted with solar cells and a plane booster. A conventional flat-plate collector is converted into a hybrid system by mounting solar cells directly on the absorber plate. A hybrid system is self-sufficient in the sense that the electrical energy required by the pump is supplied by the panel. Such systems are well suited to applications such as solar drying. The combined system is analysed for the case when the radiative and absorptive properties of the cell surface and the absorber plate are nearly the same. The solar cell efficiency is a linearly-decreasing function of the absorber plate temperature. The performance of the system has been evaluated for various combinations of boosters. The minimum area of the solar cells required to run the pump at a given flow rate has been calculated as a function of time, with and without boosters. The minimum cell area required decreases with the use of boosters. High cost cells may be replaced by low cost reflectors. The solar air heaters presently available on the market are not suitable for direct conversion to hybrid systems.     

Experimental and simulation study of thin film silicon solar cells with intermediate reflector

Optical and electrical simulations were carried out for thin film silicon solar tandem cells with intermediate reflector layer (IRL) between top and bottom cell and compared with experimental external quantum efficiency and current voltage characteristics results. Reference data were collected from a series of tandem cells with different thicknesses of the top cell absorber layer (160–240 nm), the bottom cell absorber layer (1750–2100 nm), and the transparent conductive oxides based IRL (10–80 nm). It turned out that for capturing correctly the influence of the IRL on the light management as a function of the IRL thickness, the conventional semicoherent approach is not sufficient. Whereas the optical properties of a very thin IRL are governed by interference effects that are best calculated using a fully coherent model, increasingly thicker IRL show a more and more incoherent behavior. By taking into account, the interface morphology and angular light distribution within the cell stack an algorithm for the effective IRL reflectivity was proposed that explains the experimental findings very well. The consecutive electrical simulations were carried out with the device simulator ASA. The dependence of short circuit current density j_sc and fill factor FF on the thickness d_IRL of the IRL is in qualitative agreement between simulation and experiment showing coincident extrema in j_sc(d_IRL) and FF(d_IRL) at the current matching point. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

线形腔半导体可饱和吸收镜被动锁模掺镱光纤激光器

皮秒脉冲在超连续谱光源中具有重要应用,基于线形腔搭建了半导体可饱和吸收镜(SESAM)被动锁模皮秒脉冲掺镱光纤激光器,详细分析对比了激光器中所用光纤光栅的反射率、反射带宽以及SESAM的宏观特性参数对锁模激光器输出脉冲特性的影响。实验结果表明:选择10%反射率和0.3nm反射带宽的光纤光栅比较有利于激光器的稳定锁模;光纤激光器对SESAM参数的适用范围比较大,SESAM的非饱和损耗对激光器输出平均功率影响较大,SESAM的非饱和损耗越小,激光器输出脉冲的平均功率越高。     

正十二边形光子晶体光纤光栅特性的研究

设计了一种包层结构为圆形空气孔呈正十二边形对称排列的光子晶体光纤,通过Comsol软件结合有限元法,得出各波长与传输模式有效折射率之间的函数关系。结合耦合模理论和传输矩阵法,利用Matlab软件,对正十二边形结构的光子晶体布拉格光纤光栅的反射谱特性进行了研究分析,具体分析了不同占空比下的传输模式以及反射谱特性。研究表明随着光波波长的增加,传输模式的有效折射率随之下降;随着空气孔层数的增加,谐振波长增大,谐振峰强度增强。随着占空比的增大,传输模式数增多,谐振波长减小,而谐振峰强度基本不变。     

单FBG双波长掺铒光纤激光器的设计与实验研究

为给密集波分复用(DWDM)光纤通信及光纤传感系统提供理想光源,设计了一种双波长环形腔掺铒光纤激光器。该激光器采用单支光纤光栅(FBG)和2个3dB耦合器构成可调谐光滤波器,结合多模光纤的偏振烧孔效应,通过改变系统的偏振态来获得波长可调谐的双波长激光输出。实验结果表明:改变系统的偏振态时,可分别获得单波长和双波长激光输出,双波长光纤激光器的最大波长差为4.692nm。引入多模光纤后,激光跳模现象得到明显抑制。     

Strain and Displacement Controls by Fibre Bragg Grating and Digital Image Correlation

Test control is traditionally performed by a feedback signal from a displacement transducer or force gauge positioned inside the actuator of a test machine. For highly compliant test rigs, this is a problem since the response of the rig influences the results. It is therefore beneficial to control the test based on measurements performed directly on the test specimen. In this paper, fibre Bragg grating (FBG) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) are used to control a test. The FBG sensors offer the possibility of measuring strains inside the specimen, while the DIC system measures strains and displacement on the surface of the specimen. In this paper, a three‐point bending test is used to demonstrate the functionality of a control loop, where the FBG and DIC signals are used as control channels. The FBG strain control was capable of controlling the test within an error tolerance of 20 µm m^?1. However, the measurement uncertainty offered by the FBG system allowed a tolerance of 8.3 µm m^?1. The DIC displacement control proved capable of controlling the displacement within an accuracy of 0.01 mm.     

Highly sensitive twist sensor based on tilted fiber Bragg grating of polarization-dependent properties

The transmission intensity of the tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) is strongly dependent on the polarization properties of the TFBG. The polarization characteristic of the cladding modes can be used for twist measuring. In this paper, a highly sensitive fiber twist sensor is proposed. The transmission intensity on the strong loss wavelength showed a quasi-sin θ changing with the twist angle ranging from 0° to 180° for S- or P-polarized input. A high sensitivity of 0.299 dB/° is achieved, which is almost 17.9 times higher than that of the current similar existing twist sensor. The twist angle can be measured precisely with the matrix.     

Strong fiber Bragg grating based asymmetric Fabry–Perot sensor system with multiple reflections for high sensitivity enhancement

A fiber Bragg grating based (FBG-based) Fabry–Perot (FP) sensor system utilizing multiple reflections between two strong FBGs with different reflectiveties to enhance the sensitivity is proposed. The different interference signals are obtained by using different multiple-path-matched Michelson interferometers (MIs). The system is lighted by the ultra-narrow line width erbium-doped fiber ring laser and the signal is demodulated by phase-generated carrier (PGC) scheme. The method to choose the optimal parameters of the FBG-based asymmetric FP sensor and the different matching MIs is analyzed. The experimental results show that each matching MI can steadily enhance the sensitivity of the demodulated signal in the bandwidth of 80–8000 Hz. The sensitivity of the system can be enhanced about 19.1 dB when the light reflects nine times between the two FBGs. Further more, this system can be used to extend the dynamic range and the effective working bandwidth and so on.     

双频段双极化共孔径阵列馈源反射面天线设计

介绍了一种新型Ku/Ka双频段双极化共孔径阵列馈源偏馈抛物柱反射面天线的设计。在双频段双极化共孔径阵列馈源设计中,Ka波段采用裂缝波导阵,并且位于共孔径馈源阵列的下层,双极化Ku波段采用微带贴片天线、位于共孔径阵列馈源的上层。文中给出了该双频段双极化共孔径阵列馈源的设计及测试结果,并将该测试结果代入偏馈抛物柱反射面天线中在FEKO软件平台上进行了半实物仿真,仿真结果表明,该双频段双极化共孔径阵列馈源偏馈抛物柱反射天线实现了如下设计目标:Ku波段双极化水平面扫描范围为±17°,两个主面副瓣电平优于-30dB,Ka波段水平面扫描范围为±10°,两个主面的副瓣电平优于-30dB,双频段双极化两个主面的波瓣宽度和波束指向完全匹配。     

闪耀光纤光栅在ROF系统中的应用

对ROF（radio over fiber,光载射频）系统在应用过程中的调制方式进行了分析,同时通过一系列实验证明单边带调制更适合应用于ROF系统的通信过程。因此,基于闪耀光纤光栅（TFBG,tilted fiber bragg grating）的复耦合模理论对光栅的谱的性能进行了分析和实验,不难发现,经过对TFBG进行特定的设计后,可以将TFBG应用于ROF系统中对双边带信号进行反射或者透射实现单边带调制,这样既减少了输出振幅随着距离的周期性变化,也提高了信号的传输效率和接收灵敏度。