Carbonaceous adsorbents from sewage sludge and their application in a combined activated sludge-powdered activated carbon (AS-PAC) treatment

In this study, waste biological sludge is converted to an adsorbent by chemical activation with sulphuric acid. The adsorbent obtained is then applied to the aerated vessel of an activated sludge process treating glucose and phenol to improve the quality of the treated effluent. The sludge-based carbonaceous adsorbent was found to be mesoporous in nature, with a good adsorption capacity for large molecular weight compounds and limited removal efficiency for smaller molecules such as phenol. The addition of carbon, either sludge-based or commercial, enhanced phenol removal from 58% to 98.7% and from 87% to 93% the organic matter removal as measured by the chemical oxygen demand (COD) when operated with feed concentrations of 100 mg phenol/l and 2500 mg COD/l. No differences were found between the activated sludge-activated carbon bench scale continuous reactors operating with either commercial or sludge-based adsorbents in spite of the higher adsorption capacity of the former. It is suggested that powdered adsorbent bioregeneration in the combined AS-PAC system may be impaired by the obstruction of pores due to bacterial growth, the effect being more important for the commercial activated carbon with a narrower pore size distribution.     

应用免疫斑点法检测不同工艺灭活的乙肝血源疫苗中的前S_1和S_2蛋白

作者应用前 S_1、前 S_2和 HBsAg/a 单克隆抗体,用免疫斑点法(Immuno-spot)检测同一批的乙肝表面抗原分别经加热灭活和三步化学灭活后的前 S_1和前 S_2蛋白保留情况,比较了两种工艺对前 S_1和前 S_2蛋白的影响。结果表明;加热灭活可保留前 S_1和前 S_2蛋白,三步化学灭活使前 S_1和前 S_2蛋白丢失,从抗原组成上看,加热灭活后的抗原更接近自然抗原。首次报告了含有前 S_1蛋白的乙肝疫苗,并对前 S_1和前 S_2蛋白在乙肝血源疫苗中的可能作用进行了讨论。     

聚己二酸1,2-环己二醇酯的合成

采用正交实验方法,分别以钛酸四丁酯和对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,合成了聚己二酸1,2 环己二醇酯,对其合成工艺条件进行了研究,得出了最佳工艺条件。并以所得聚酯合成了具有透明度高、硬度大、耐磨、玻璃化温度高等优异性能的聚氨酯材料。     

Specificity of the pheromone system ofAdoxophyes orana andClepsis spectrana

The pheromone system of the summer fruit tortrix mothAdoxophyes orana (Fischer von Röslerstamm) consists of a mixture ofcis-9- andcis-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (cis-9- andcis-11-TDA, respectively) in a ratio of 9:1. Substitution of one or both of these compounds by related unsaturated acetates reduced the attractancy. Onlycis-11-TDA could be replaced bycis-11-tridecen-1-ol acetate (cis-11-TriDA), although the 9:1 mixture ofcis-9-TDA andcis-11-TriDA was less attractive in the field than the pheromone system itself. The major component of the pheromone system of the leaf rollerClepsis spectrana (Treitschke)(cis-9-TDA:cis-11-TDA=1:9) could also be replaced bycis-11-TriDA, again with some reduction in attractancy.     

Coking kinetics of a Cr2O3/Al2O3 catalyst during 1-butene dehydrogenation: Effect of H2 partial pressure

The influence has been studied of the partial pressure of hydrogen (0–30 kPa) upon the coking rate of a Cr₂O₃/Al₂O₃ commercial catalyst during 1-butene dehydrogenation. Coke deposition has been analysed using a monolayer-multilayer reversible coke growth model (MMRC model). This model provides good fits to the experimental data, within the range of partial pressure of H₂ studied, and allows us to estimate the main kinetic parameters involved in the coking-deactivation process. The results obtained reveal a dual effect of hydrogen: competition against 1-butene for the active sites and the removal of coke precursors from the catalyst surface. Bom effects diminish the coking rate as the H₂ partial pressure is increased.     

On the catalytic C-H activation of some silicon dioxide overlayers on thin metal film systems — An observation on the isokinetic effect

Kinetic data on the exchange reaction betwee hexane and deuterium have recently been reported by Maier and coworkers [1]. The reaction was catalysed by a series of platinum or rhodium systems, some of which had the property that the upper surface was shielded by a silica overlayer. The data are reinterpreted to indicate an isokinetic temperature of 580 K. This observation indicates that all the catalysts behave in a similar manner, which means that the exchange reaction does not require a free metal surface.     

月桂氮草酮研究进展

介绍了月桂氮草酮作为高效皮肤促渗剂的发展概况、合成工艺、研究进展及其应用前景。     

侧链为亚乙氧基结构的EVOH梳型聚合物的合成

以乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)为原料，制备了一种主链为疏水的聚乙烯链段，侧链具有亚乙氧基结构的多羟基梳形聚合物，用元素分析法、凝胶渗透色谱法、核磁共振谱法对其进行了结构表征；用热重分析法和示差扫描量热法对其热学性能进行了表征。结果表明，接枝后产物的玻璃化转变温度在-52--40℃之间，熔点在55～600℃之间，由于侧链的引入破坏了EVOH的结晶，因此梳形聚合物的热分解温度比EVOH降低了约20℃。     

Scrolls and nested tubes in multiwall carbon nanotubes

Recent high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) studies of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) reveal a class of defects analogous to edge dislocations in a crystal. These defects are believed to mark the transition from scrolls on one side to nested tubes on the other. On the tube side, layer spacing becomes irregular. Analysis of the helicity of the tubes shows a strong correlation between diameter and helicity. This suggests that the organizing principle for the tubes is not Van der Waals forces, as in the case of graphite or turbostratic carbon, but preservation of helicity. Based on these observations and total energy calculations, the authors speculate that graphene monolayers initially form scrolls and subsequently transform into multiwall nanotubes through the progression of defects. Scrolls and nested tubes thus coexist within a single MWNT.