Mixing in Wave Processes Propagating in Gas Mixtures (Review)

A review is made of uptodate investigations in the field of physicomathematical modeling of mixing of solid particles with highvelocity gas flows arising under the action on shock waves, compression waves, and expansion waves on unstable dust deposits on the boundaries of channels or plates and in cavities, as well as on free clouds of particles. In particular, experiments in shock tubes with particles initially located in cavities and on surfaces are described. The experimental data presented in the form of distributions of particle concentrations at various points of space above the unstable layer, pressure distributions on the lower wall of the shock tube, etc., are used for verification of proposed mathematical models in regimes of single particles, interacting continua, and turbulent diffusion. An analysis of experimental and numerical data shows that the models considered sometimes allow adequate identification of the wave structure of motion of the mixture and the field of parameters inside and outside the layer.     

Continuous-velocity lattice gas cellular automata for miscible binary fluid and its application to simulation of interface instability

Continuous-velocity lattice gas cellular automata (CVLGA) is extended to miscible binary fluid systems. A new parameter is introduced in order to control the diffusivity of the fluids. The correlation between the diffusivity and the new parameter proves that there exists the maximum value of the diffusivity. Quantitative verifications of the model are carried out with numerical simulations of the diffusion phenomena across a falling fluid film. The model is then applied to the simulations of Rayleigh-Taylor instability during the gravitational mixing phenomena. The qualitative tendency of the growth of the interface instability is the same as that obtained in conventional numerical methods.     

Capillary jet instability under the influence of gravity

The focus of this paper is on the effect of gravity stretching on disturbed capillary jet instability. Break-up and droplet formation under low flows are simulated using finite difference solution of a one-dimensional approximation of disturbed capillary jet instability chosen from the work by Eggers and Dupont (J. Fluid Mech. 155 (1994) 289). Experiments were conducted using water and aqueous glycerol solutions to compare with simulations. We use a gravity parameter, G, which quantifies gravity stretching by relating flow velocity, orifice size and acceleration and is the reciprocal of the Froude number. The optimum disturbance frequency was found to be inversely proportional to G. However, this relationship appears to be complex for the range of G's investigated. At low G, the relationship between and G appears to be linear but takes on a weakly decaying like trend as G increases. As flows are lowered, the satellite-free regime decreases, although experimental observation found that merging of main and satellite drops sometimes offset this effect to result in monodispersed droplet trains post break-up. Viscosity did not significantly affect the relationship between the disturbance frequency and G, although satellite drops could be seen more clearly close to the upper limit for instability at high G's. It is possible to define regimes of satellite formation under low flows by considering local wavenumbers at the point of instability.     

Hot-spot combustion of heterogeneous condensed mixtures. Thermal percolation

A model of combustion of heterogeneous condensed mixtures composed of reactive particles separated by an inert heat-conducting substance is considered. Propagation of the reaction in a one-dimensional periodic system of point reaction cells connected by inert thermal bridges is examined. The burning rate is determined as a function of the basic parameters of the system, and stability of the steady combustion mode is studied. It is shown that there exists a range of parameters in which the reaction propagates in an unstable manner. Combustion of the system in the instability domain is examined. It is shown that the reaction propagation loses its stability many times as the adiabatic temperature of the system decreases; in this case, the existing unsteady mode is replaced by another, more complicated mode, and the alteration of the regimes in the examined systems always proceeds as a period-doubling bifurcation. Beginning from a certain value of adiabatic temperature, the reaction-propagation process becomes stochastic. In the systems examined, there exists an ultimate adiabatic temperature, below which self-sustained propagation of the reaction in the system becomes impossible.Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 41–54, January–February, 2005.     

面板堆石坝面板顺坡向挤压破坏机理的试验研究

本文针对面板堆石坝面板顺坡向挤压破坏的钢筋压曲凸起问题开展了试验研究,采用了配有单根立筋的混凝土柱受压试验来模拟面板顺坡向的挤压破坏。试验结果证实了以往研究中无箍筋钢筋混凝土立柱抗压强度低于素混凝土柱、且钢筋保护层厚度越小强度越低的推测。与素混凝土柱相比,保护层厚5 cm钢筋混凝土柱的强度降低约10％。根据试验的破坏荷载结果,通过已有理论解反推出了立柱的侧向支撑刚度k,对于保护层厚5 cm和8 cm立柱k值相应为0.841 N·mm^-2和1.032 N·mm^-2。经过试验结果分析,发现钢筋混凝土立柱各截面不服从应变平面假设,受压中钢筋没有同混凝土一起协调变形,钢筋与混凝土之间相互作用强烈。本研究结果再次说明,限制钢筋的侧向变形是防止面板顺坡向挤压破坏的根本措施。应开展可模拟混凝土中钢筋压曲的挤压破坏数值模拟研究,为这些措施的量化设计提供依据。     

基于离散元技术的软硬互层斜坡动力响应及失稳机理研究

为研究不同岩层倾角陡倾顺层软硬互层斜坡在地震作用下的动力响应及失稳机理,以汶川地震中干磨坊滑坡和水磨沟滑坡为原型,结合三维离散元技术开展两种软硬互层斜坡对比分析。动力响应分析结果表明:在相同地震荷载作用下,陡倾软硬互层60°斜坡模型的PGA(峰值地面加速度)放大系数随着高程的增加表现出非线性增长,在坡顶动力响应最为强烈;陡倾软硬互层80°斜坡模型PGA放大系数随着高程的增加表现出先增大后减小再增大的节律性变化,在坡高1/3处和坡肩部位动力响应最为强烈。失稳机理分析结果显示,在地震荷载作用下:陡倾软硬互层60°斜坡模型发生滑移-弯曲式溃滑,斜坡的破坏流程机制分为四个阶段,即①裂缝扩展-层间错动阶段、②坡脚岩体弯曲隆起阶段、③上部岩体横向滑移阶段、④弯曲剪断-整体失稳阶段;陡倾软硬互层80°斜坡模型发生滑移-下部弯曲-上部倾倒式破坏,斜坡的破坏流程机制分为四个阶段,即①微裂隙扩展阶段、②层间错动-局部裂隙贯通阶段、③下部岩体弯曲阶段、④上部岩体倾倒破坏阶段。     

基于二次受力的隧道套拱加固损伤衬砌模型试验

松动荷载引起损伤衬砌失稳是不良地层隧道运营期间关键的科学问题.针对此问题,研制了双车道公路隧道带缝衬砌套拱加固模型试验加载装置,可对衬砌结构任意位置施加松动荷载,在损伤衬砌受力同时进行套拱加固,解决了衬砌加固二次受力的“瓶颈”问题;开展1∶10模型试验,研究了松动荷载作用下损伤衬砌套拱加固补强效果,对比变形特性、力学响应及破坏模式.结果表明:衬砌结构刚度随荷载增加而退化,套拱加固有效修复受损衬砌,整体结构刚度明显增大,损伤严重衬砌经套拱加固后承载力仍可提高1倍;原衬砌结构破坏位置为拱顶、拱肩和边墙;套拱加固带缝衬砌构件关键控制截面为拱顶和墙脚,拱顶易发生大偏心压弯破坏,建议加强拱顶纵向配筋,提高抗拉承载力;墙脚出现斜裂缝,属于压剪破坏,应增设墙脚箍筋,以提高抗剪承载力.     

边坡工程中抗滑群桩工程特性的数值分析

针对建立抗滑群桩的设计方法问题,分析了抗滑群桩在水平推力作用下的力学行为.以重庆江东边坡的典型断面为例,应用有限元程序CORE3D分析了群桩的桩间颗粒土的土拱区域,结合桩的荷载位移曲线、土拱效应解释了土体应力传递到抗滑桩的规律,通过对影响土拱效应的参数,如桩间距、土体厚度、抗滑桩嵌入深度和桩径等的深入研究,提出了相应的群桩布置参数估算公式.研究成果在重庆江东边坡的防护工程设计中得到了应用,并取得了较好的效果.     

Investigation of effective dimensionless numbers on initiation of instability in combustion of moisty organic dust简

In this work, the effect of various effective dimensionless numbers and moisture contents on initiation of instability in combustion of moisty organic dust is calculated. To have reliable model, effect of thermal radiation is taken into account. One- dimensional flame structure is divided into three zones： preheat zone, reaction zone and post-flame zone. To investigate pulsating characteristics of flame, governing equations are rewritten in dimensionless space-time （（, r/, ~） coordinates. By solving these newly achieved governing equations and combining them, which is completely discussed in body of article, a new expression is obtained. By solving this equation, it is possible to predict initiation of instability in organic dust flame. According to the obtained results by increasing Lewis number, threshold of instability happens sooner. On the other hand, pulsating is postponed by increasing Damk6hler number, pyrolysis temperature or moisture content. Also, by considering thermal radiation effect, burning velocity predicted by our model is closer to experimental results.     

泥页岩地层区域三维地质力学建模与应用

印尼A油田在钻井过程中泥页岩地层井壁坍塌严重,为安全快速钻井,减少复杂事故,文章提出了一种多源地质力学建模方法,该方法综合利用岩心实验数据、已钻井测井数据、地震反演数据和泥页岩失稳机理,对印尼A油田的地质力学参数进行了精细刻画,并建立了该油田三维孔隙压力空间分布、三维弹性模量空间分布、三维泊松比空间分布等三维属性体;利用有限元的方法,计算了该油田三维地应力分布,得到三维安全钻井液密度窗口。该模型有效耦合测井数据、岩心数据、地震数据等多源数据,可在钻井设计和钻井施工过程中根据目标井的坐标位置和井眼轨迹准确获取目标井的安全钻井液密度窗口,已在该油田B-8井中现场应用,模型所得到的安全钻井液密度窗口满足现场实际需要,实钻过程中无复杂,钻井周期相对油田前期平均钻井周期缩短40%。本模型为钻井设计及现场施工确定合理钻井液安全密度窗口提供了技术支撑,为解决泥页岩等易坍塌地层的井壁失稳提供一套地质工程一体化的解决方案。