光储直流微网混合储能控制策略研究

混合储能相较于单一储能可以更好地解决微电网电压、频率波动等问题。为了充分利用混合储能系统的优势,使各储能电池优势互补,并考虑到储能变换器弱阻尼、低惯性的特点,提出了基于虚拟直流发电机控制的混合储能单元分频控制策略。该控制策略在混合储能单元分频控制的基础上,对功率密度电池储能变换器采用虚拟直流发电机控制,以增大功率密度型储能的阻尼和惯性,提升直流母线电压的动态稳定性。为验证其有效性,在微源变化和负荷波动2种工况下与传统下垂控制进行仿真对比分析,结果表明所提策略可使母线电压的波动范围限制在±0.75%以内,增强了系统的鲁棒性和稳定性并优化了储能单元的充放电性能。     

输电线路断线故障保护逻辑分析及附加判别方法

目前架空输电线路继电保护装置针对断线故障缺乏快速、准确的识别方法,导致断线故障判决、处理不及时,容易引起关联设备损坏及重大安全事故。针对断线故障后主保护和后备保护动作逻辑进行分析,阐释距离保护和零序电流保护拒动机理,并进一步提出输电线路断线故障的快速判别方法。该方法利用输电线路断线后线路两侧故障相的电压、电流变化特征构建附加断线保护判据,实现了对简单断线故障和断线再接地故障的快速识别和保护。最后,通过PSCAD输电网仿真分析和四川省某水电外送线路实例测试,验证了断线故障附加判别和保护方法的可行性和有效性。     

面向负载均衡的高铁路网列车开行方案优化方法

针对当前高速铁路运营过程中存在的运输需求与运力资源不匹配现象,面向负载均衡原理研究了路网条件下运能可适配的高速铁路旅客列车开行方案优化与评估方法.首先,针对路网条件下列车开行方案优化,构建以提升经济效益、社会效益和网络负载均衡为目标的非线性混合整数规划模型,并设计基于遗传算法和粒子群算法的两阶段混合搜索求解算法.在此基础上,考虑开行列车在高速铁路网中的抗干扰能力,建立了面向网络化运营场景的开行方案综合评估指标体系,揭示了故障场景下高速铁路网络性能的演化规律.最后,以实际高速铁路线路数据和运营数据为场景进行仿真实验,本文提出方法在保证运输需求和路局收益的同时能够有效地提升8.66%网络整体负载均衡性,增强发生故障时网络的抗干扰能力.     

A new hybrid control technique for operation of DC microgrid under islanded operating mode

This study proposes a novel combined primary and secondary control approach for direct current microgrids, specifically in islanded mode. In primary control, this approach establishes an appropriate load power sharing between the distributed energy resources based on their rated power. Simultaneously, it considers the load voltage deviation and provides satisfactory voltage regulation in the secondary control loop. The proposed primary control is based on an efficient droop mechanism that only deploys the local variable measurements, so as to overcome the side effects caused by communication delays. In the case of secondary control, two different methods are devised. In the first, low bandwidth communication links are used to establish the minimum required data transfer between the converters. The effect of communication delay is further explored. The second method excludes any communication link and only uses local variables. Accordingly, a self-sufficient control loop is devised without any communication requirement. The proposed control notions are investigated in MATLAB/Simulink platform to highlight system performance. The results demonstrate that both proposed approaches can effectively compensate for the voltage deviation due to the primary control task. Detailed comparisons of the two methods are also provided.     

A simple decision tree-based disturbance monitoring system for VSC-based HVDC transmission link integrating a DFIG wind farm

Fault detection and classification is a key challenge for the protection of High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission lines. In this paper, the Teager–Kaiser Energy Operator (TKEO) algorithm associated with a decision tree-based fault classi f ier is proposed to detect and classify various DC faults. The Change Identification Filter is applied to the average and differential current components, to detect the first instant of fault occurrence (above threshold) and register a Change Identified Point (CIP). Further, if a CIP is registered for a positive or negative line, only three samples of currents (i.e., CIP and each side of CIP) are sent to the proposed TKEO algorithm, which produces their respective 8 indices through which the, fault can be detected along with its classification. The new approach enables quicker detection allowing utility grids to be restored as soon as possible. This novel approach also reduces computing complexity and the time required to identify faults with classification. The importance and accuracy of the proposed scheme are also thor oughly tested and compared with other methods for various faults on HVDC transmission lines.     

Internal electrical fault detection techniques in DFIG-based wind turbines: a review

The keys factor in making wind power one of the main power sources to meet the world’s growing energy demands is the reliability improvement of wind turbines (WTs). However, the eventuality of fault occurrence on WT com ponents cannot be avoided, especially for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based WTs, which are operating in severe environments. The maintenance need increases due to unexpected faults, which in turn leads to higher operating cost and poor reliability. Extensive investigation into DFIG internal fault detection techniques has been carried out in the last decade. This paper presents a detailed review of these techniques. It discusses the methods that can be used to detect internal electrical faults in a DFIG stator, rotor, or both. A novel sorting technique is presented which takes into consideration different parameters such as fault location, detection technique, and DFIG modelling. The main mathematical representation used to detect these faults is presented to allow an easier and faster under standing of each method. In addition, a comparison is carried out in every section to illustrate the main differences, advantages, and disadvantages of every method and/or model. Some real monitoring systems available in the market are presented. Finally, recommendations for the challenges, future work, and main gaps in the field of internal faults in a DFIG are presented. This review is organized in a tutorial manner, to be an effective guide for future research for enhancing the reliability of DFIG-based WTs.     

An improved strategy for out-of-step oscillation separation devices based on apparent impedance angle applied to a series compensated line

Out-of-step oscillation separation devices based on apparent impedance angle trajectory are widely used in the power grid in China, and their reliability is of great importance. In this paper, the influence mechanism of series compensation on apparent impedance angle trajectory is analyzed. It reveals that series compensation capacitors reduce the equivalent impedance angle and consequently the apparent impedance angle cannot pass through all four zones, resulting in the risk of failure for the separation devices. A revised method of apparent impedance angle based on compensation principle is discussed, and then an improved out-of-step oscillation detection criterion is proposed. In view of the fact that the apparent impedance angle at the moment of maximum current is equal to the equivalent impedance angle during an oscillation process, a practical algorithm based on the compensated apparent impedance angle is proposed. RTDS tests are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the new criterion, considering transmission lines with a high series compensation level.     

直驱风电场和串补之间的次同步振荡风险

随着电网规模的持续扩大,串补长距离输电系统引发的次同步振荡现象频现。因此,如何探析串补输电系统失稳的深层原因是当前系统稳定性分析发展方向之一。本文基于开环模式谐振理论,提出了一种串补输电线路引发次同步振荡的开环模式谐振分析方法,文章首先建立了直驱风电场外接串补输电线路的小信号模型,并通过开环模式谐振分析方法研究了串补线路和直驱风电场之间的动态交互作用。结果表明串补主导的开环次同步振荡模式与风电场主导的开环次同步振荡模式在复平面靠近时,系统的闭环稳定性将会下降,并运用残差指标成功预测了开环模式谐振条件下闭环模式的位置,而改变风机参数或调整串补度可以规避动态交互的发生。本文通过算例系统验证了上述理论分析的正确性,证明直驱风电场通过串补输电线路进行输电时存在一定的失稳风险,能在一定程度上为串补输电系统的参数整定提供借鉴。     

柔性直流对交流系统短路电流影响因素分析

交流系统短路后,柔性直流可等效为具有一定幅值和相位的电流源。文中基于受端电网发生故障时的柔性直流等效模型,分别对影响柔性直流等效电流源相位、幅值的相关因素进行了分析。柔性直流等效电流源的相位主要受故障类型影响,而幅值主要受控制方式、限幅环节以及电气距离影响,且不同情况的相互组合对交流系统短路电流的影响更加复杂。研究表明,对于交流侧三相短路故障,柔性直流对短路电流的影响共有馈入为零、馈入为有功控制环节限幅值、馈入为无功控制环节限幅值和馈入为无功控制环节参考值4种情况。最后通过基于PSCAD的仿真结果验证了相关分析的正确性。     

光纤电流互感器渐变性故障时频特征辨识

通过时频变换方法分解光纤电流互感器(FOCT)输出信号,获取渐变故障信号特征,是故障分析的关键步骤。针对FOCT渐变性故障信号时域跨度大且劣化过程呈随机性的特点,对输出信号进行跨间隔采样,利用小波包分解算法,根据故障信号频段实现故障信号特征提取,利用相关评价指标对时域特征参数进行筛选,得到表征FOCT劣化趋势的最优特征参数。针对信号特征维度高的特点,提出主元分析法对高维特征降维处理,满足故障特征辨识快速性的需求。实验结果表明：使用6层小波包分解算法,得到64个包含不同频段信号的子序列,对比各个频带能量占比来确定互感器运行状态,能够实现有效辨识渐变性故障特征。