计及撬棒保护的双馈风电机组不对称短路电流特性分析

电网故障时,双馈式感应风电机组(DFIG)在机端电压深度跌落过程中表现出的电磁暂态特性十分复杂。计及撬棒保护的DFIG不对称短路特性研究较少,为了准确描述机端电压深度跌落过程中DFIG不对称短路电流变化特性,基于空间矢量和序分量法,建立了双馈感应电机的正、负序数学模型。在考虑双馈风电机组不同初始运行功率的情况下,通过数学解析的方法推导了撬棒保护电路投入后定转子正、负序磁链的计算表达式,在此基础上得到了定、转子电流的解析表达式。该方法同样适用于对称性故障时DFIG短路电流的解析计算。最后,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真软件验证了双馈风电机组机端发生对称和不对称电压跌落时定子电流解析计算表达式的准确性。     

双馈风力发电系统最大风能追踪控制

在分析风力机功率特性和DFIG运行特性的基础上,通过对双馈机转速控制进行最大风能追踪具体过程的深入研究,提出一种基于最大风能追踪的双馈电机有功、无功功率的解耦控制方法。建立了基于发电机定子磁链定向矢量控制的双馈风力发电系统最大风能追踪系统模型,并利用PSCAD／EMTDC对其进行仿真,结果验证了控制策略的正确性。     

基于智能手机群的车辆事故自救系统

针对目前现有汽车事故自救系统需要装配特定的传感器、GPS及通信模块的缺点, 设计了一种基于智能手机群的自动碰撞与坠落检测及事故自救系统. 该系统以事故车内多部智能手机用户物理运动的加速度信号为输入样本,以多个加速度数据为依据计算阀值, 不但使得事故判断的准确度显著提高还降低了严重事故时单个车载装置或手机损毁无法实现呼救可能性. 当信号超过阀值后, 自动借助手机的拍照、GPS定位、3G联网功能实现向救援中心报警求救. 在Android平台实现原型系统. 实验结果表明, 该系统具有非常好的碰撞及坠落识别准确度     

考虑集装箱簇边装边卸的港口集卡调度模型求解

文章在集装箱装卸作业问题中,以集装箱簇为作业单位,分两阶段分析集装箱在岸桥集卡间的调度方案,以集卡空驶率最小与移动距离最短为目标,建立了整数规划模型。针对上述模型,文章利用启发式算法与自适应遗传算法对问题进行分析求解。最后通过配置不同集卡数量,将其移动总距离以及空驶效率进行比较,并与禁忌搜索算法相对比。试验结果表明,启发式自适应遗传算法的计算结果在空驶率以及移动总距离最小问题上有更优的解决方案。     

准东煤焦的微波放电特性

通过微波辐照准东煤焦,研究了炭化温度、粒径、微波功率和负压对煤焦放电的影响,利用FT-IR技术测定了微波放电对煤焦表面官能团的影响。结果表明:常压下,600 ℃以下炭化的煤焦经微波加热到200~300 ℃才会放电;800 ℃以上炭化的煤焦,炭化温度越高,整体放电越弱,终温越低;大粒径煤焦为间歇性弧光放电,小粒径煤焦为间歇性星点放电;煤焦粒径越小,放电时热点越多,煤焦终温越高;煤焦粒径小于98 μm时不放电;功率越高,煤焦整体放电越强;负压可促进煤焦放电,导致煤焦终温升高,达到临界负压,煤焦颗粒难以出现放电火花而温度急剧下降;放电可以促进煤焦芳环的开链和加速脂肪结构、含氧类官能团的转化脱除。     

活性炭表面热氧化对其吸附二苯并噻吩性能影响

本文主要研究活性炭表面氧化对其吸附二苯并噻吩性能的影响。将活性炭在不同低温下氧化制得表面氧化活性炭，用静态吸附法进行了二苯并噻吩在初始及氧化活性炭上的吸附等温线，应用Langmuir方程对吸附等温线进行拟合，用漫反射红外谱（DRIFTS）表征活性炭表面含氧基团，用Boehm滴定测定活性炭表面官能团含量，讨论了活性炭表面化学性质对其吸附二苯并噻吩的影响。结果表明：活性炭表面酸性含氧基团对二苯并噻吩的吸附有重要影响，酸性含氧基团越多，其吸附量越大。低温气相氧化活性炭提高了活性炭表面酸性含氧基团，提高了其对二苯并噻吩的吸附。氧化温度越高，其表面含氧基团含量越多，其对二苯并噻吩的吸附量也越大。Langmuir吸附等温线可适用于描述二苯并噻吩在活性炭表面上的吸附。     

Nucleophilic substitution onto poly(methylmethacrylate): 4. Dilute solution properties of substituted polymethacrylates

The morphological and hydrodynamic properties of a series of homogeneous fractions of substituted poly(methylmethacrylate) (A units) bearing keto-β-functional groups (B units) of the general structureCOCH₂R, with R = SO_xCH₃ (x = 1,2) or SO₂N(CH₃)₂, were investigated by intrinsic viscosity, light scattering and partial specific volume measurements in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution at 25°C. For molar substitution degrees $\text{DS}{}_{\mathrm{m}}\text{< 0.5}$, the copolymers behave as flexible random coils. The Stockmayer-Fixman-Yamakawa analysis of the $\text{[η]-}\text{M}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{w}}$ data leads to slightly higher unperturbed dimensions K_o and steric factor σ than those for PMMA, and to stronger chain expansion as a result of the weak hydrogen bonding between DMF and COCH₂R units and a positive X_AB interaction parameter. For $\text{DS}{}_{\mathrm{m}}\text{> 0.5}$ however, copolymers bearing COCH₂SO₂N(CH₃)₂ groups behave as worm-like chains, as derived from the Fujii-Yamakawa analysis of the $\text{[η]-}\text{M}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{w}}\text{-}\text{v}\text{?}$ data: the persistence length increases from 380 to 570 Å within the $\text{DS}$_m range 0.57–0.75. This transition from a random coil to a worm-like chain for $\text{DS}{}_{\mathrm{m}}\text{> 0.5}$ was tentatively correlated with the accumulation of B units in sterically hindered and self-associated short blocks of average length l_B ? 1.6 which provide drastically increased rigidity to the copolymer chain.     

负载羧基化球状介孔纳米颗粒TFN膜的研究

在薄层复合膜(thin-film composite membrane, TFC膜)中引入无机纳米颗粒,形成薄层纳米复合膜(thin-film nanocomposite membrane, TFN膜),近几年作为反渗透膜开始应用于水处理研究。但是无机纳米颗粒在TFC膜中的性能的不稳定性和膜的机械强度等变成了突出问题。合成制备了粒径约为110 nm修饰羧基的介孔氧化硅球状纳米颗粒(MSN—COOH),并将其成功地化学键合在TFC膜的表面功能层交联网络中。与TFC膜相比,键合有MSN—COOH的TFN膜,水通量提高了56.2%,保持高脱盐率;由于单分散介孔纳米颗粒表面亲水官能团的引入,使膜表面的亲水性有很大程度提高,单分散介孔纳米颗粒在基体中的有序排列,使膜表面粗糙度降低,提高了膜的抗污染能力。与普通TFN膜相比较,具有更好的稳定性和柔韧性,可以在长时间高压过滤操作下保持稳定。     

Sulfamic acid functionalized slag for effective removal of organic dye and toxic metal from the aqueous samples

Surface functionalization of blast furnace slag with sulfamic acid(a zwitterion) was performed for the removal of Cr~(3+) and methylene blue dye(MB) from water samples. The slag functionalization process was optimized using Response Surface Methodology Design. Statistical analysis of the parameters that include the sulfamic acid amount(A), reaction time(B), and temperature(C) revealed that(A) increase had a negative effect on the adsorption of both pollutants by the zwitterion slag, whereas(B) and(C)increase presented a positive impact. At the optimum condition of 2 g sulfamic acid amount, 50 min reaction time and 37 °C temperature, the prepared slag showed a removal efficiency of more than 90% for both Cr~(3+) and MB. Surface characterization by SEM/EDS, FTIR, XPS and surface area analyser, showed an improvement in surface properties and the incorporation of zwitterionic NH_2~+ and S@O groups of sulfamic acid. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies conducted with the zwitterion slag showed the adsorption process was suited to Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The thermodynamic study conducted revealed the spontaneity of the process based on the calculated negative DG(Gibb's free energy) values. The prepared zwitterion slag offered easy regeneration with dilute HCl solution and showed a considerable removal(Cr3+: 65% and MB: 80%) for both pollutants even after 3 cycles of usage.     

Control of hydroxyl group content in silica particle synthesized by the sol-precipitation process

This study investigated the control of hydroxyl groups, one of key factors determining the surface properties of silica particles synthesized by the sol-precipitation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Thus, a thermal gravity analysis (TGA) was used to facilitate quantitative measurements of the hydroxyl groups on the silica particles, while BET and FT-IR were used to analyze the specific surface area and functional silane groups on the silica particles, respectively. In the sol-precipitation process, silanes that include various hydroxyl groups are formed as intermediates based on the hydrolysis and condensation of TEOS. Thus, NH₃, as a basic catalyst initiating the nucleophilic substitution of TEOS, was found to accelerate the hydrolysis and increase the hydroxyl group content on the silica particles. Plus, the hydroxyl group content was also increased when increasing the concentrations of TEOS and water as the hydrolysis reactants. However, the hydroxyl group content was reduced when increasing the temperature, due to the promotion of condensation. Based on the weight loss of the particles according to the thermal analysis, the hydroxyl group content on the silica particles varied from 5.6–42.7 OH/nm² under the above reaction conditions.