响应面法优化从丝状真菌中制取壳聚糖的研究

以黑根霉、黑曲霉作为原料,研究了制备壳聚糖的方法。通过液体发酵获得黑根霉、黑曲霉的菌丝体,经干燥研磨后,比较稀酸稀碱热处理及微波法处理制备壳聚糖的提取效果及产率,并对微波法进行响应面的优化实验。结果表明：微波法较稀酸稀碱法提取效果好,产率高。优化结果：微波火力为480 W,消解时间为15 min,碱浓度为20％。     

基于氯化钾和膨润土增强的新型复合粘结剂研究

以改性褐煤-泥炭、氯化钾和膨润土为粘结剂原料,用响应曲面设计安排实验。研究结果表明,当三者加入量分别为4%、20%和2%时,型煤综合性能佳;氯化钾的增强是因为过饱和的氯化钾晶体附着在煤粒和大分子粘结剂的空隙结晶,膨润土的增强是因为膨润土质点在高温脱水后的紧密附着作用。     

酶法制备猪肺抗氧化肽

为了分离制备猪肺抗氧化肽,该文研究了中心组合设计和响应面分析优化猪肺抗氧化肽的提取工艺,以DPPH自由基清除率为响应值,分析了料液比、水解时间和酶浓度对制备抗氧化肽的影响,再通过葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex G-50、G-25和G-10对抗氧化肽进行分离纯化,得到了具有抗氧化活性的肽段,测定其清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子、ABTS自由基、羟基自由基以及金属螯合的能力。猪肺抗氧化肽的最佳提取工艺参数为:新鲜猪肺质量与水质量的比例(料液比)为1∶3,水解6 h,酶浓度为6 500 U/g,此时DPPH自由基清除率为66.89%;抗氧化活性最强的组分A5清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子、ABTS自由基和羟基自由基的IC50分别为0.073、0.989、0.192和1.261 g/L,金属螯合能力的IC50为6.505 g/L;其相对分子质量为175。     

紫砂造型艺术中直线和六方的韵律——简析“六方抽角壶”的形态结构与视觉感应

通过分析直线的性质和"六方抽角壶"的形态结构,探讨直线应用在紫砂光素方器中所产生的节奏韵律,以艺术审美的评判标准论证"六方抽角壶"刚柔并济、虚实相间、层次递进的视觉感应。     

响应面法优化羊毛脂甲酯化工艺研究

以羊毛脂为原料,采用甲醇钠、氢氧化钠2种催化剂,考察了反应温度、时间、催化剂用量、醇用量等因素对甲酯化的影响。结果表明:甲醇钠为催化剂时,在反应温度60℃、甲醇与羊毛脂质量比1.6、反应时间60 min、催化剂质量分数4%的条件下,酯转化率达到94.3%。用响应面法优化氢氧化钠为催化剂的羊毛脂甲酯化工艺,得到最佳工艺条件为:反应温度65.3℃、甲醇与羊毛脂质量比1.85、催化剂质量分数6%、反应时间90 min,在此条件下酯转化率可达94.2%。     

Microwave irradiated and thermally heated olive stone activated carbon for nickel adsorption from synthetic wastewater: A comparative study

In attempt to compare the removal efficiency and yield of the activated carbon prepared using the conventional and microwave‐assisted heating is the focus of this work. Toward this olive stone (a biomass precursor) is activated using the popular activating agent potassium hydroxide. The process optimization exercise is carried out by using the standard full factorial statistical design of experiments (response surface methodology). The activated carbons prepared under the optimized conditions are compared based on the adsorption capacity and yield. The adsorption capacity was found higher using microwave heating as compared with conventional heating. The microwave heating requires significantly lesser holding time as compared to conventional heating method to produce activated carbon of comparable quality, with higher yield. The BET surface area of carbon using microwave heating is significantly higher than the conventional heating. Although the mesopore surface area of carbon is not vary significantly, the activation time, power, and nitrogen gas consumption are significantly lower than the conventional heating rendering that the activation process via microwave is more economical than that via conventional heating. The adsorption isotherm data fitted the Langmuir isotherm well and the monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 12.0 and 8.42 mg/g for microwave and thermally heated activated carbon, respectively. Regeneration studies showed that microwave‐irradiated and thermally heated olive stone could be used several times by desorption with an HCl reagent. Both carbons can be used for the efficient removal of Ni²⁺ (>99%) from contaminated wastewater. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 237–250, 2014     

Efficient loading and entrapment of tamoxifen in human serum albumin based nanoparticulate delivery system by a modified desolvation technique

Herein, the poorly water-soluble drug, Tamoxifen (Tmx), was loaded in the amphipathic matrix of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles by a modified desolvation method. In order to enhance the drug loading (DL) and drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) (<2% and 10%, respectively), ultrasonication of Tmx-HSA mixture was performed prior to desolvation process. Tmx loading and entrapment efficiency were optimized by employment of the response surface methodology (RSM)-central composite design (CCD) of experiments. Under the optimum conditions of 1.59 mg Tmx/ml concentration, 7.76 pH and 5 h incubation of HSA-Tmx, the DL of 6.7% and DEE of 74% are achievable. Particles with the average size of 195 nm, zeta potential of −21 mV and polydispersity index of 0.09 were produced under these conditions. A more sustained Tmx release behavior was observed from polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated nanoparticles in comparison to the non-PEGylated ones. The short-term stability investigation showed no alteration in physicochemical properties of nanoparticles at 4 and 37 °C, but small increase in nanoparticles size was observed after three months of storage at room temperature. This is the first report for efficient production of a Tmx delivery system based on HSA nanoparticles.     

七里村油田薄油层测井识别技术研究

针对常规测井曲线纵向分辨率不高,对薄油层的响应值不准确,导致薄油层漏失解释,同时非常规的高分辨率测井系列成本高等问题,本文基于薄层对常规测井响应特征影响分析,确定薄层敏感测井曲线,综合沃尔什反演法、分辨率匹配法、傅立叶频谱法多种提高常规测井曲线纵向分辨率方法,优选出最佳方法,结果表明：傅立叶频谱法处理后的测井曲线能够有效地反映地层的真实信息,通过测井曲线纵向分辨率提高处理以后,砂体划分精度明显比原结论更加精细,测井解释结论更加准确,对全区的开发和储量接替都起到了良好的作用。     

砂泥岩裂缝性储层测井识别及评价技术

致密砂岩裂缝储层形成的复杂油气藏,已经成为国内外油气勘探开发的焦点,常规勘探理论和方法在裂缝型油气藏评价中面临许多挑战,本文从砂泥岩裂缝型油气藏储层评价出发,分析各种常规预测裂缝有利发育带方法的优势和局限性,针对砂泥岩裂缝性储层识别这一难点,提出利用测井方法综合预测裂缝发育带的方法,指出储层裂缝预测研究存在的问题及发展趋势。