某基础隔震结构的设计与应用研究

对厦门某一幼儿园教学楼进行基础隔震设计,采用动力时程分析方法,分析结构在设防烈度下中震及大震作用下的结构响应。对比抗震结构和隔震结构两者的周期、层间剪力和层间位移,对比结果表明,相较于抗震结构,隔震结构的周期变长,隔震结构受到的地震作用效应大幅降低,上部结构的水平向减震系数为0.39。经设计验算,结构隔震设计满足我国现行建筑抗震设计规范的规定,可为类似基础隔震工程的应用提供借鉴。     

双塔楼高空弱连接连体结构设计

介绍了弱连接双塔高层结构分析和设计的有关内容,包括塔楼抗侧力体系、连体结构体系与概念设计、相关特殊构造措施.通过对连体结构的工程实例进行在地震作用下反应谱和弹性时程分析,探讨连体结构的动力反应特征;用EPDA和EPSA分析软件分别进行在罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性时程分析和静力弹塑性分析,对该工程的结构抗震性能进行评估.     

盾构隧道漏泥砂后结构响应分析

天津地铁津滨轻轨漏泥砂事故致使软土盾构隧道产生了不均匀沉降,导致隧道结构产生了次生变形和结构内力.依据弹性地基理论,对高斯地基纵向沉降曲线进行了修正,得到了此次事故后隧道结构纵向沉降拟合曲线,进一步得到隧道结构次生内力分布.结果显示,此次事故造成的最大次生弯矩为6 000kN·m、剪力为1.4kN,位于漏泥砂处;现场调查发现,漏点前后7 ～12环处,拱顶管片内侧裂损严重,且为受压破坏.对比现场调查,沉降曲线反映的事故后的结构响应是可靠的,同时分析了粘钢法加固后的稳定性.     

无游梁式抽油机框架结构在地震谱作用下的响应分析

以WCYJK14-7-53Z型无游梁式抽油机为研究对象,应用有限元法对其进行了地震谱作用下的动力响应分析。首先建立该抽油机框架结构的有限元模型和编制II类场地8度烈度下的地震反应谱,分别进行了模态分析和地震谱分析,然后对该抽油机结构进行动强度验算,得出该结构满足动强度要求。     

基于混料设计理论的透水混凝土骨料特征响应分析

骨料级配特征对透水混凝土配合比优化设计方法及其基本性能有较大影响.采用A,B,C 3种粒径的骨料进行混料设计试验,通过对大量的试验数据拟合与方差分析,建立了透水混凝土有效孔隙率、单位体积骨料颗粒数量、骨料比表面积、不同龄期抗压强度与骨料级配的关系式.研究结果对透水混凝土配合比设计方法优化和基本性能的预测具有重要的指导意义.     

异形索桁架结构浮动式连接可行性研究

针对异形索桁架特殊的结构形式,从拉索结构适应温度变化、对主体结构产生影响、应力及挠度控制和造价几个方面出发,提出异形索桁架通常的硬性连接和新型的两种浮动式连接方式,并对这3种方案形式的构造和受力分别做了分析,利用通用的有限元程序,对3种方案的结构形式在各种工况条件下分别进行静力计算和对主体结构产生影响的分析,同时对3种结构形式的动力响应进行分析,系统地对3种连接方案的异形索桁架从温度变化、对结构产生的影响、挠度控制和工程造价方面分别做了对比性说明,对3种索桁架的动力特性做了具体对比,提出合理的建议,可作为今后索桁架节点设计的参考。     

Ant colony optimisation of spatial steel structures under static and earthquake loading

Optimisation is the process of trying to find out the best possible solution to any problem satisfying constraints. Soft computing is the class of methods which have been inspired by the biological computational methods and nature's problem-solving strategies. Currently, these methods include neural networks, evolutionary computational models such as genetic algorithms, random cost and linguistic models such as fuzzy logic. Ant colony optimisation (ACO) is one such method applied for large engineering combinatorial optimisation problems. A design procedure utilising an ACO technique is developed for discrete optimisation of reticulated steel space trusses. The ACO algorithm is motivated by the analogy with natural phenomena, in particular the ability of a colony of ants to ‘optimise’ their collective endeavours. In this paper, the computational implementation of ACO is presented in a structural design context. The objective function considered is the total weight/cost of the structure subjected to material and performance constraints in the form of stress and deflection limits. In the case of reticulated space trusses, the design variables are the cross-sectional areas of members belonging to various groups. The objective function and constraints are obtained by using structural analysis package FEAST (Anonymous, 1995. FEAST user manual. Trivandrum, India: SEG, SDS Group, ISRO, VSSC) in case of structures subjected to static loading and SAP90 (Anonymous, 1990. SAP90, ETABS, SAFE – computer software for structural and earthquake engineering. Berkeley, CA: Computers and Structures) for earthquake loading for reticulated steel space trusses. The numerical examples presented demonstrate the computational advantage of the ACO for large-scale optimisation problems.     

Characterisation of the behaviour of steel bridge bearings under cyclic load reversal

Seismic hazards pose a significant concern for older steel bridges in the Central and Eastern USA. The majority of these bridges still use steel bearings that are not designed to sustain earthquake loads. To assess older bridge vulnerability, an understanding of the cyclic behaviour of their components, such as steel bolster and rocker bearings, is needed. A theoretical analysis is conducted to understand steel bearing behaviour and their potential limit states, which also serves to validate bearing finite element models. The high fidelity models are used to evaluate the hysteretic behaviour of the bearings. The influence of gravity load on the response is evaluated to consider different bridge configurations, while varying the friction coefficient between steel surfaces allows for consideration of effects from ageing and corrosion. These parameters are shown to influence the response suggesting the need to consider ageing effects in assessing the vulnerability of in situ bridges.     

某建筑抗震加固有限元分析

以某中学实验楼加固改造工程为例,分别对角钢和碳纤维两种加固措施在加固前和加固后的抗震性能进行了对比分析,运用振型反应谱分析方法对构件承载力的加固等做了有益探索,为今后的加固改造工程提供了参考。     

Experimental seismic evaluation of old concrete columns reinforced by plain bars

Concrete buildings reinforced by plain (smooth) bars are one of the special types of old reinforced concrete buildings that were generally built before the 1970s. As columns are generally the most important structural members of a framed structure, understanding their realistic seismic behavior is very helpful in estimating structural deformations, forces and energy dissipation capacities. Furthermore, in most of old‐framed building structures, columns play a key role in the final behavior because of strong beam–weak column conditions. This article reports the results of experimental monotonic and cyclic tests on four concrete column specimens reinforced by plain bars and with various types of splices. Through the experimental results, it tried to obtain more clarification on the complicated behavior of such old reinforced members as well as the differences compared with relevant results of columns reinforced by deformed bars. It was realized that slip (fixed‐end rotation) contribution is the major source of deformation in all specimens independent from type of splices. Moreover, general mode of behavior was restrained‐rocking action independent of type of splice detailing. A simple theory for the explanation of hysteresis force–displacement response was proposed. The theory assumes a concrete block rocking element that is restrained with plain bars at both ends. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.