Relationship of iso‐α‐acid content and endogenous antioxidative potential during storage of lager beer

One of the critical issues regarding the quality of beer is the change in its chemical composition that occurs during storage. Decomposition of iso‐α‐acids results in an undesirable decrease in bitterness as well as a deterioration in the sensory profile of the beer. These changes are caused by the susceptibility of iso‐α‐acids to degradation owing to the influence of reactive oxygen species and light. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of storage conditions (temperature, light) on the degradation of iso‐α‐acids during aging, with the main focus on monitoring the relationship between the turnover of iso‐α‐acids, the sulphur dioxide content and the antioxidative potential of stored beer as measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. In agreement with previous investigations, a significant decrease in the content of bitter compounds (up to 18 % relative to the original level, depending on storage conditions) was observed. A significant decrease in the antioxidant potential of beer was recorded simultaneously and the data confirmed a strong correlation between these parameters. The decline in beer bitterness could become a marker for estimating oxidative damage during storage. Copyright © 2014 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

羟基磷酸钙ESR信号热衰退中的二级动力学过程

人工合成羟基磷酸钙和牙珐琅化石的等温退火实验表明，它们的ＥＳＲ信号的热衰退系一级和二级动力学过程的混合效应。二级衰退常数强依赖于温度。粗测其值在２８０℃时为１０＾－１９ｇ／ｓ量级。二级过程的存在对ＥＳＲ法测早期古人类遗址动物牙化石年龄的影响需进一步研究。     

纳米管钛酸的ESR特性及其可见光照的影响

本报道了纳米管钛酸在真空-0．1MPa、温度100℃的条件下，经过不同时间处理后的ESR特性及其可见光照的影响．发现纳米管钛酸经一定处理后，不经光照即出现g=2．003 ESR信号，该信号是由捕获一个电子的氧空位(Vo)产生的，此信号随着处理时间的延长而增强；在532nm的可见光照射下，随着光照时间的延长信号强度随之增加，达到一定强度值后，不再随光照时间的延长而增加；光源关闭后，信号强度又逐渐减小，但不能恢复到原来信号强度的水平．     

LDO降压转换器的稳定性分析

通过对LDO降压转换器的原理分析，并借助频域的傅里叶分析方法，对其稳定性和频率响应进行了深入的理论研究，得到了提高系统稳定性的补偿方法。频率响应和瞬态响应的仿真结果表明，这种方法显著改善了LDO降压转换器的频率响应，并极大地提高了其稳定性。     

Free Radicals in Wheat Seeds Studied by Electron Spin Resonance

ABSTRACT: We used electron spin resonance (ESR) to investigate free radicals in wheat seeds in air or under vacuum in relation to annealing temperature. Annealing in the 100 to 200 °C range resulted in concentration increases of free radicals in samples. A greater increase was observed for experiments carried out in air than for those under vacuum. Most free radicals occurred in the grain surface layer. The bran contained a concentration of free radicals 100 times greater than that of the white grain portion. The reaction of stable free radicals in bran was also studied during thermal decomposition of dibenzoyl peroxide at high pressure. They reacted with shortlived peroxyl radicals in bran to produce a nonradical product.     

轧辊制造技术与发展趋势

介绍了生产轧辊的四种常规方法以及随着轧制技术的发展而陆续发展起来几种生产轧辊的新方法,分析了每种方法的优缺点,并介绍了国内轧辊制造业现状及国际轧辊制造技术的发展趋势,对现实生产具有一定指导意义。     

ESR and FTIR studies on electron beam‐irradiated low‐density polyethylene blends

Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composites modified with a resin based on ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer (surlyn) and/or citric acid were electron beam‐irradiated and investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) at room temperature. ESR studies were carried out directly after irradiation and after various time intervals up to 72 h postirradiation. The irradiated samples showed the ESR spectrum of seven lines that was assigned to the formation of allyl radical. The nature and yield of the allyl radical of the different LDPE samples were analyzed as a function of time after irradiation. Also, the radical concentration, decay, decay rate, and kinetics of radical decay were evaluated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis at a series of different temperatures upon cooling from room temperature to ?175°C and the reverse heating to +125°C was also carried out. The structural changes while cooling and heating of LDPE samples were investigated using FTIR spectrometry. The results showed that cooling of unirradiated LDPE samples to ?175°C results in a decrease of the intensities of IR bands. However, heating the samples from ?175°C up to +125°C led to a consequence increase in the intensities of the IR bands. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3461–3469, 2007     

Trapped and transient radicals observed in ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymers

Radicals formed by irradiation by high energy electron in ethylene–propylene–hexadiene terpolymer (EP–HD) have been studied using electron spin resonance (ESR). Two methods were used to analyse the different radicals formed by irradiation: firstly, classical low temperature irradiations were carried out, secondly, rapid quenching in liquid nitrogen of the material after high dose rate irradiation.

The feasibility and the efficiency of the latter method to observe short-lived radicals have been demonstrated. This type of experiment provides unique information concerning the rate of production and the rate of reaction of radicals.     

聚合物阴极钽电解电容器被膜技术研究

研究了以导电聚合物PEDOT作为阴极材料的高频低ESR有机片式固体钽电解电容器的被膜技术,重点讨论不同的聚合温度、掺杂浓度和驱溶温度对降低片式固体钽电解电容器ESR的影响.研究结果表明当聚合温度为0～10℃、掺杂浓度为3%(W),驱溶温度80℃时,将得到致密的主链掺杂有效的PE-DOT膜层,从而得到较低的ESR,并表现...     

Experimental and theoretical investigation of defects at (1 0 0) Si1−xGex/oxide interfaces

The identification of a nontrigonal Ge dangling bond at SiO₂/Si_1−xGe_x/SiO₂ heterostructures and its electrical activity are discussed, both from experimental and theoretical points of view. This dangling bond is observed from multifrequency electron-spin resonance experiments performed at 4.2 K, for typical Ge concentrations in the range 0.4 ≤ x ≤ 0.85. The electrical activity of this defect is revealed from capacitance-voltage characteristics measured at 300 and 77 K, and is found to behave like an acceptor defect. First-principles calculations of the electronic properties of this Ge dangling bond indicate that its energy level approaches the valence band edge of the Si_1−xGe_x layer as the Ge content increases, confirming its acceptor-like nature.