Measurement of specimen charging in scanning electron microscopy with a kelvin probe

A vibrating Kelvin probe in form of a platinum wire loop is used to measure the surface potential U_s on electron-irradiated free-floating metal and insulator specimens as a function of electron energy E. This allows an accurate measurement of the critical electron energy E₂ for no charging. At energies below E₂, the positive charging increases with decreasing energy to U_s=2–5 eV at E=0.5 keV and switching off the collector bias of the Everhart-Thornley detector. A two-to threefold increase of U_s is observed when the bias is switched on. For E > E₂, the strong increase of a negative surface potential can be measured. Insulating films free-supported on a conductive substrate show a steep decrease to small positive and negative U_s when the film thickness becomes lower than the electron range at a critical energy E₃ > E₂. At insulating specimen the temporal decrease of charging can be measured when the electron beam is switched off.     

图象中心加权中值滤波的改进与应用

中心加权中值滤波具有较好的边缘保持特性及快速实现的特点，但滤噪能力低于其它中值滤波。此文探 讨对中心加权中值滤波的改进方法，提出了中心加权分级实现的思想，使之同时具有边缘保持、快速滤波和噪声去 除的理想效果。     

炮孔内空气间隙作用的机理探讨

本文探讨了装药结构中空气间隙作用的机理,提出了气体分子的迁移效应与碰撞效应,比较完满地解释了不同空气间隙对爆破效果的影响.     

Fast convergent study on potential－harmonic method of directly solving Schrodinger equation in few－body systems

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IR Radiometry Optical System View Factor and Its Application to Emissivity Investigations of Solid and Liquid Phases

An optical system for fast IR radiometry designed for investigations of thin film thermal properties and pulsed laser melting was analyzed in this work. A methodology for determination of the view factor from calibration measurements was developed. The view factor (0.0255) of the optical system containing two paraboloid mirrors was determined experimentally from calibration measurements on pure metals and metallic alloys. The knowledge of the view factor was then applied to normal emissivity investigations at IR wavelengths. The emissivity of tungsten films prepared by magnetron sputtering was determined for different deposition conditions, varying between 0.036 and 0.071. Liquid phase emissivities of Cu, Mo, Ni, Si, Sn, Ti, and steel were also determined and were found to be higher than solid-state emissivities as predicted from the literature. A knowledge of the liquid-state emissivity of silicon enabled recalculation of the IR signal evolution to the temperature evolution, during and after a nanosecond laser pulse. This was not possible by use of the usual calibration because of silicon’s semi-transparent behavior in the IR range (1–10 μm) in the solid-state phase.     

SISAK快速化学分离装置的建立

SISAK(Short-lived Isotopes Studies by the AKUFVE technique)技术是目前使用最广泛的快速化学分离方法之一,主要应用在短寿命核素的分离和鉴别、超重元素的人工合成以及化学性质研究等方面的工作中.本文简单地叙述了SISAK技术的流程、原理和发展现状,介绍了自行建立的国内第一套基于SISAK技术的快速化学分离装置,并通过从裂变产物中分离短寿命核素这一实例验证了SISAK技术在快速化学分离中的优越性.     

八钢高炉无料钟炉顶的装料制度

以八钢高炉炼铁实践为依据，系统研究和分析了八钢2号和3号高炉炉顶设备装料制度对高炉冶炼的影响。认为高炉操作制度是当前高炉炼铁的主要技术之一，也是影响高炉焦比主要技术经济指标的重要因素。在原燃料和装备水平一定的条件下，合理的操作制度对高炉的技术经济指标起到决定性的作用。     

检测骨架图形特征点的新方法

端点、折点、歧点和交点是骨架图形的重要特点是，提出用快速查表法检测侯选特征点，再进行侯选特征点聚集，用局部结构分析，去除假特征点，判别真特征点的类型，并对折点给以大致的定量描述。实验结果表明，该方法能快速有效地找出骨架图形的特征点，在目标识别、字符识别等应用中起着关键作用。     

炉壁集束碳氧枪在电炉中的应用

介绍了鄂钢电炉厂70t consteel 电炉使用炉壁集束碳氧枪后对经济指标的改善,以及在生产实践中的冶金效果.     

高纯锗探测器的快定时性能及其应用

为了将高纯锗（ＨＰＧｅ）探测器用于快定时的物理实验中，本实验研究厂影响高纯锗探测器定时谱仪时间性能的各种因素，找出了获得谱仪最小时间分辨的各种最佳参数。并建立了分辨时间为４．１９ｎｓ，能量分辨率为２０ｋｅＶ，微分非线性好于±２．０％，计效率可承受１２０×１０￣３ｓ￣（－１）的时间微分扰动角关联谱仪。利用此谱仪，以￣（２０４）Ｂｉ为探针核，研究了Ｂｉ系高温超导的微观机理，取得了较好的结果。