4号炉制粉系统一次风门卡涩原因分析与处理

汉川电厂二期工程4号炉制粉系统自投入运行以来，频繁发生一次风门卡涩，风门开关不到位等缺陷，严重影响了炉膛的燃烧工况，针对该问题，分析了故障发生的原因，确定了改进的方案，取得了良好的效果。     

阻塞比对潮流能水轮机尾流特性影响数值模拟研究

首先通过对比分析数值模拟结果与水槽实验尾流场速度数据,验证数值模拟的准确性。通过在软件STAR-CCM+中改变水槽宽度的模型,使水轮机阻塞比分别在9.8%、14.7%和29.5%的情况下进行模拟计算,分析潮流能水轮机尾流特性的变化。结果显示,阻塞比的变化不仅会改变水轮机扫略区域外流体速度,影响远尾流恢复速度,还会对尾流的旋转和湍动能分布造成影响;但随着槽宽增加阻塞比减小,其对尾流特性影响逐渐减弱。     

Buoyancy-aided momentum and heat transfer in a vertical channel with a built-in square cylinder

This study focuses on the confined upward flow and heat transfer around a square cylinder under the effect of aiding buoyancy (Richardson number, Ri=0–1) in the vertical channel for Reynolds number (Re)=1–40 and blockage ratio (BR)=25–50% for the air as working fluid. Flow is found to be steady and symmetric for the range of settings. For Re≤2, no separation zone occurs for BR=25% and 30%. However, for BR=50%, no wakes are observed for Re≤3. The onset of flow separation takes place between Re=2 and 3 for BR=25% and 30%; whereas, for BR=50%, it exists between Re=3 and 4, irrespective of the value of Ri. Heat transfer correlations have also been obtained at different values of Re, BR and Ri.     

由空预器堵塞引发的非典型燃烧问题及解决

本文阐述了通过对非典型锅炉燃烧问题的若干分析查证,最终定位空预器有严重堵塞情况,并对空预器提出多种处理方案,有效的解决了空预器堵塞问题,保证了机组安全运行。     

An investigation of channel blockage effects on hydrogen mass transfer in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with various geometries and optimization by response surface methodology

A 2D mathematical modeling was developed to analyze the mass transport in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The pin fins were inserted in the flow channel to improve reactant gas distribution in the gas diffusion layer (GDL). The effect of rectangular and triangular shape of fins and different title angles of 4, 6 and 8° on the reactant gas transport were examined. The results showed that performance of rectangular fins are better than triangular fins due to increasing reactant spread over the GDL. The effect of three independent factors including length and width of blocks and hydrogen gas velocity on the response (hydrogen gas diffusion to GDL and pressure drop in anode channel) was investigated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that block height and hydrogen gas velocity are the most important factors affecting the responses. Also, response surface methodology (RSM) method was used to predict the optimal conditions to achieve the minimum the pressure drop and maximum the total flux magnetic H₂ to GDL in anode channel. The result of the optimization process shows that a gas velocity of 4.22 m/s and the block with height and width of 3 mm are the optimal conditions.     

Experimental measurements of the hydrodynamic performance and structural loading of the Transverse Horizontal Axis Water Turbine: Part 1

This paper is the first of three, which outline the procedures and results for a set of experiments carried out on various configurations of the Transverse Horizontal Axis Water Turbine (THAWT), which is a horizontally orientated variant of the Darrieus cross-flow turbine. Tests were conducted in the combined wind, wave and current tank at Newcastle University on a 0.5 m diameter rotor, while the flow depth and velocity were varied over a range of realistic Froude numbers for tidal streams. Various configurations of the device were tested to assess the merits of varied blade pitch, rotor solidity, blockage ratio and truss oriented blades. Experiments were carried out using a speed controlled motor/generator, allowing quasi-steady results to be taken over a range of tip speed ratios. Measurements of power, thrust, blade loading and free surface deformation provide extensive data for future validation of numerical codes and demonstrate the ability of the device to exceed the Lanchester-Betz limit for kinetic efficiency by using high blockage. This paper covers the experimental procedures and results for the hydrodynamic performance for the parallel bladed variant of the THAWT device. The second paper covers the hydrodynamic loading of the parallel bladed rotor and the third covers both hydrodynamic performance and loading of the truss configured THAWT device.     

小尺寸火焰传热阻碍规律的实验研究

应用小尺寸火蔓延实验装置(FPA),在不同的外加辐射强度和燃烧环境氧体积分数条件下,对两种常见聚合物PMMA和POM的燃烧特性和传热阻碍的测量方法进行了实验研究.研究发现,两种燃料的无量纲燃烧质量损失速率与无量纲外加辐射热流之间存在确定的通用线性关系,即"燃烧质量损失速率基线";火焰传热阻碍系数分别高达0.4和0.3,它随燃烧环境氧体积分数增加而增大,但不随外加辐射强度变化.研究为发展火蔓延理论模型和燃料可燃性测试方法提供了重要的参考依据.     

基于FOA优化的CSSVM管道堵塞状态识别研究

针对城市排水管道正常与堵塞故障状态在数据获取上的不平衡性造成的运行状态识别准确率下降的问题,提出了一种基于果蝇优化算法的代价敏感支持向量机的管道堵塞状态识别方法。根据排水管道内各运行状态下采集到的不平衡数据集,首先对不平衡数据集进行小波包分解,其次,提取各个分解系数的能量熵、近似熵指标构建特征向量集合;采用果蝇优化算法(FOA)对不同类样本惩罚因子C_m和核函数参数g进行优化选取,即对代价敏感支持向量机(CS-SVM)模型优化,将特征集合输入优化后的CS-SVM模型中,对排水管道的正常和堵塞状态识别,通过增大对少数类样本错分的惩罚代价,结果表明,提升了少数类的识别准确率。     

氢/空气火焰在半开口有障碍管道中的传播特性

针对氢／空气混合物，通过实验研究了其预混火焰在半开口管道中的火焰传播加速现象。结果表明，火焰传播状态随着氢气当量比的变化而发生改变。当氢／空气混合物被点燃后，由于障碍物的扰动，火焰在管道中不断加速传播，并最终到达一准稳态传播。在氢气当量比0．34附近时，火焰速度发生跃变。当氢气当量比足够大时，火焰传播由爆燃态转变为爆轰态。在本实验条件下，爆燃转准爆轰的临界条件是d/λ=2.6(d是圆环形障碍物内径，λ是爆轰格胞尺度）。障碍物阻塞比的变化对最大火焰速度和压力提升的影响不明显。     

Blockage effects in wind farms

An experimental study of wind farm blockage has been performed to quantify the velocity decrease that the first row of a wind farm experiences due to the presence of the other turbines downstream. The general perception has been that turbines downstream of the first row are only influenced by the wakes from upstream turbines without any upstream effect. In the present study, an attempt is made to demonstrate the existence of a two‐way coupling between individual turbines and turbines in the wind farm. Several staggered layouts were tested in the wind tunnel experiments by changing the spacing between rows, spacing between turbines in the rows, and the amount of wind turbines involved. The experiments focused on turbines located in the center of the first row as well as the two turbines located in the row edges, usually believed to experience a speedup. The present results show that no speedup is present and that all the turbines in the first row are subjected to a reduced wind speed. This phenomenon has been considered to be due to “global blockage.” An empirical correlation formula between spacing, number of rows, and velocity decrease is proposed to quantify such effect for the center turbine as well as for the turbines at the edges.