CoAl双氢氧化物作超级电容器的电极材料

采用化学共沉淀法制备了CoAl双氢氧化物[Co0.67Al0.33(CO3)0.165(OH)2·nH2O],经X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、红外光谱(IR)测试表明产物为层状结构,属于六方晶系,粒径分布在60～70nm之间。在6mol/LKOH溶液中和电位范围-0.15～0.6V(vs.Hg/HgO)内,通过循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗测试显示了该材料制备的电极具有典型的电容性能,500次循环后电容衰减很小,单电极比容量达到400F/g。     

弱激光血疗对红细胞影响的实验研究

本实验利用低强度半导体绿色激光血管内照射仪照射健康犬 ,观察其对红细胞计数、乳酸脱氢酶、钠 -钾ATP酶影响的影响。结果表明 :功率 >8mW组的观察指标无明显变化 ,个体呈不良反应 (但无统计学意义 )。当功率≤ 8mW组 ,指标不仅无不良变化 ,而且乳酸脱氢酶活性明显增加     

聚磷酸三聚氰胺/季戊四醇/水滑石阻燃体系改性EVA热塑性弹性体的研究

采用聚磷酸三聚氰胺/季戊四醇（MPP/PER）膨胀阻燃体系与水滑石（LDH）并用阻燃改性乙烯—醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）热塑性弹性体。结果表明,当EVA/MPP/PER/LDH质量比为60/20/10/10时,复合材料阻燃级别达到UL94V-0,极限氧指数（LOI）为30.6%。TGA分析结果表明,阻燃体系MPP/PER和LDH协同效应提高了EVA热分解残留率。炭层扫描电镜（SEM）分析表明,MPP/PER与LDH协同作用有利于形成连续致密的炭层,提高了EVA/MPP/PER/LDH复合材料的阻燃性能。     

LDH催化制备单晶a-Si3N4纳米线研究

提出了一种以LDH （水滑石类化合物）为催化剂,纳米硅粉为原料,在N₂-H₂混合气氛下制备单晶a-Si₃N₄纳米线的CVD （化学气相沉积）方法。研究结果表明：当H₂含量小于0.5%时,所制备的Fe/Mg/Al LDH催化剂具有优良的高温热稳定性,在1250℃下煅烧与还原后仍可保持自身结构完整与催化活性。通过降低还原温度与LDH中Fe含量、在LDH中引入Mo元素等手段,有效地降低金属Fe纳米晶粒直径、增大成核密度,所制备单晶a-Si₃N₄纳米线面密度可达5×10¹⁴～9×10¹⁴ m^-2,直径为30～50 nm,长度达20～80 μm （长径比>1000）。进一步研究表明本实验中纳米线为VLS （气液固）生长机制。     

层状双金属氢氧化物形成机理的研究现状

近年来,层状双金属氢氧化物（LDH）凭借特殊的层状结构、极强的可调控性能、优异的环境兼容性及显著的应用效果等特点,在环保、催化、储能、传感等领域得到广泛关注。国内外多数研究集中于LDH可控合成工艺的改进完善及LDH的应用探索,但迄今对制备LDH时涉及其组成结构形貌的变化过程,即其形成机理的关注较少,相关机制解释模糊,深入研究其形成过程对于可控制备具有独特形貌和特定组成的LDH及开发更深层次的应用具有至关重要的作用。本文介绍了LDH层板形成机理的3个主要研究方向,即以二价金属氢氧化物的存在为基础、以三价金属氢氧化物的存在为基础和拓扑相变机制,并分别进行了阐述辨析及对比分析,发现LDH层板的形成是一个极其复杂的过程,多种机制往往共同作用,总结认为固液及液液反应在初期成核阶段占据主导地位,各自作用程度及不同层板构筑机制产生的主导作用易受到外界环境因素影响,而更为普遍的LDH形成机制解释需要归纳总结更多LDH层板构筑的区别和规律,宏观和微观上探索形成过程的内在机理及科学本质,以期为LDH开发拓展提供理论基础。     

即时合成LDH处理含Co2+电镀废水研究

利用LDH合成原理，研究不同Co^2＋初始浓度、Mg^2＋／Al^3＋比值和pH值对即时合成LDH去除Co^2＋的影响。试验结果表明，影响即时合成LDH处理效果的因素主要是pH值，其次是Co^2＋初始浓度，最后是Mg^2＋／Al^3＋比值。当pH值8．5～9．0，Co^2＋初始浓度10-20mg／L，Mg^2＋／Al^3＋为1／1～2／1时，去除率可达96％以上。通过对试验固体样品的结构分析，证实Co^2＋同晶取代Mg^2＋是电镀废水中Co^2＋被去除的主要机制。     

消石灰制备系统流化床差压的调节和设备改造

通过对LDH消石灰制备系统调试前后出现问题进行分析，提出了针对性的设备改造方案，以适应本地较差品质的生石灰，并根据运行经验，提出消化器内差压控制方法。     

人参皂苷Rb1预适应对肥厚乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤的保护作用

目的: 研究人参皂苷Rb1 对心肌细胞缺氧复氧(H/R) 损伤的保护作用。方法: 用血管紧张素II(Ang II) 刺激乳鼠心肌细胞肥厚, 以0.01 ~ 10μmol·L^-1 Rb1 对H/R 损伤心肌细胞预适应给药48h, 检测心肌细胞表面积(CSA)、细胞蛋白含量(TP)、细胞凋亡率、细胞生存率和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA) 及一氧化氮(NO) 含量。结果: 与H/R 组相比, Rb1 组CSA 和TP 分别减少41.56%和43.37%;细胞生存率增加2.28 倍;凋亡率降低85.29%;LDH、MDA 含量分别降低59.20% 和72.03%;NO活性增加2.67 倍(P <0.01)。结论: Rb1 显著减轻肥厚心肌细胞H/R 损伤, 机制与抑制细胞凋亡、减少脂质过氧化和LDH 释放、增强NO 活性有关。     

Thin porous nanosheets of NiFe layered-double hydroxides toward a highly efficient electrocatalyst for water oxidation

NiFe layered double hydroxides (NiFe-LDH) are low cost and earth abundant electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, the NiFe-LDH nanosheets induced by ZIF-67 (NiFe-LDH/ZIF-67) were prepared via a coupling method of a self-sacrificing template method and a co-precipitation method. Atomic force microscope and field emission transmission electron microscopy analysis indicate that NiFe-LDH/ZIF-67 consist of thin porous nanosheets. X-ray photoelectron spectra analysis show that NiFe-LDH/ZIF-67 contains more oxygen vacancies than pristine NiFe-LDH. The overpotential of NiFe-LDH/ZIF-67 is 222 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² for OER, lower than that of ZIF-67, pristine NiFe-LDH, and the commercial RuO₂, indicating that its high electrocatalytic activity for OER. The high electrocatalytic activity of NiFe-LDH/ZIF-67 may be attributed to its thin porous nanosheet structure, which is derived from the structural influence of ZIF-67 and the coupling effect of a self-sacrificing template method and a co-precipitation method.     

Improved performance of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst deriving from the hydrotalcite precursor synthesized on Al2O3 support for dry reforming of methane

Exploiting Ni-based catalysts with excellent catalytic activity and anti-coking ability is significant for dry reforming of CH₄ with CO₂ (DRM) which is a promising route to CO₂ utilization. In this work, the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst with hydrotalcite precursor (NiAl-LDH) was synthesized by a facile in-situ growth method. And the effect of the NiAl-LDH structure on the catalytic activity and anti-coking ability of Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst was revealed. The H₂-temperature programmed desorption (H₂-TPD) revealed that better Ni dispersion and more Ni–Al₂O₃ interface could be obtained by the NiAl-LDH precursor, which were vital for the activation of CH₄ and CO₂. Moreover, the NiAl-LDH precursor with non-LDH phase or turbostratic structure was also created by insufficient or extra amount of urea, and the obtained catalysts exhibited a poor catalytic stability, further confirming the importance of the LDH structure. In comparison with the Ni-IMP catalyst prepared by the conventional impregnation method, the CH₄ conversion increased by 16% and the carbon deposition decreased by 75% over Ni-6 catalyst with well-organized LDH precursor under the same reaction conditions. Hence, this work represents an important step toward developing Ni-based catalysts with excellent catalytic activity and anti-coking ability for DRM with the LDH precursor.