锌掺杂镁铝水滑石在纸张阻燃中的应用

共沉淀法合成了Mg-Al-CO3LDH和Zn-Mg-Al-CO3LDH,并将其作为填料应用于纸张阻燃中,分析讨论了其结构、性质以及其对纸张性能的影响。结果显示:合成的Mg-Al-CO3LDH和Zn-Mg-Al-CO3LDH均具有典型的水滑石结构,且结晶度较好,晶相单一,带有较高的正电荷密度。锌的引入降低了水滑石对纸张物理强度的不利影响,且提高了水滑石的白度,当其加入量为20%时,阻燃纸的白度为83.1%,比空白纸样提高了5.59%。Zn-Mg-Al-CO3LDH比Mg-Al-CO3LDH具有更优异的阻燃性,当Zn-Mg-Al-CO3LDH的加入量为20%时,阻燃纸的氧指数为26.1%,达到难燃级。     

Synthesis and characterisation of nanohybrids of olsalazine-intercalated Al–Mg layered double hydroxide

In this study, olsalazine (3,3′-azobis 6-hydroxy benzoic acid) was intercalated into Mg–Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) by ion exchange or coprecipitation methods to obtain olsalazine–LDH nanohybrids. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra and elemental analyses indicate a successful intercalation of olsalazine with a vertical orientation. Intercalation of organic anion of olsalazine into Mg–Al LDH caused the interlayer spacing of LDH to increase from 0.884 to 1.665–1.666?nm as determined by XRD studies. Thermogravimetric analyses propose that the thermal stability of the intercalated organic anion of olsalazine is largely improved compared to the pure form before intercalation due to the host–guest interaction involving the hydrogen bond. Furthermore, in vitro drug release experiments in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution have been investigated. The drug molecules during dissolution were exchanged with anions in the medium, thus leading to a slow release, much slower than when the same matrix was used simply mixed with the drug.     

Comparison of the effect of multipurpose contact lens solutions on the viability of cultured corneal epithelial cells

Purpose

To determine the effect of four marketed multipurpose contact lens solutions (MPSs) on corneal epithelial cell viability.

Methods

Comparison of the effect of MPS A (Renu MultiPlus, Bausch &; Lomb), MPS B (OPTI-FREE Express, Alcon), MPS C (AQuify, CibaVision), and MPS D (OPTI-FREE RepleniSH, Alcon) on cell viability was performed by quantifying cellular ATP content, resazurin reduction, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in transformed human corneal epithelial cells (HCEpiC) and primary bovine corneal epithelial cells (BCEpiC).

Results

Significant reductions in cellular ATP content were observed at 40% solution and above with both MPS B and MPS D, compared to at 100% only for MPS A and MPS C, and similar results were obtained in BCEpiC. Effects on resazurin reduction were also less in HCEpiC exposed to increasing doses of MPS A and MPS C than in cells exposed to MPS B and MPS D. After 15 min, HCEpiC viability measured by both resazurin reduction and cellular ATP levels was significantly lower for cells exposed to MPS B, MPS D, and MPS C, while HCEpiC exposed to MPS A were not affected. MPS B and MPS D reduced cell viability more than MPS A and MPS C over a 2-h time course in both HCEpiC and BCEpiC.

Conclusions

Both MPS B and MPS D can cause large decreases in the viability of cultured corneal epithelial cells even with just a 2 h exposure at multiple doses. Significant reduction in cell viability is evident at brief 15-30 min exposures. In contrast, MPS A and MPS C have significantly less effect on the cell viability of corneal epithelial cells at multiple doses, after these short exposure times.     

C. medica cv Diamante peel chemical composition and influence on glucose homeostasis and metabolic parameters

This study evaluated the in vitro inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes, the stimulation of insulin secretion, and the in vivo metabolic effects in mice of Citrus medica L. cv Diamante peel extract. The quantitative analysis of selected phytochemicals were determined to investigate their relationship with the biological activities. Citrus extract exhibited an inhibitory activity against both α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ values of 258.7 and 263.2 μg/ml, respectively. Measurements of the effects of peel extract on the mouse insulinoma MIN6 β-cells indicated that it did exert direct stimulatory effects on the exocytotic release of insulin in a concentration-dependent manner. The supplementation of the C. medica cv Diamante was able to reduce plasma glucose (GLU) concentration and lowered the levels of plasma cholesterol (COL) and triglycerides (TG). The obtained results underline the potential health benefits as a result of consuming C. medica cv Diamante and suggest that it could be used as new potential source with functional properties for food or nutraceutical products.     

A new nanocluster polyoxomolybdate [Mo_(36)O_(110)(NO)_4(H_2O)_(14)]·52H_2O:Synthesis,characterization and application in oxidative degradation of common organic dyes

Polyoxomolybdate [Mo_(36)O_(110)(NO)_4(H_2 O)_(14)]·52 H_2 O was synthesized by a simple one-pot procedure through reducing an acidified mixture of Na_2 MoO_4·2 H_2 O and NH_2 OH·HCl. In order to create a heterogeneous catalyst system, the polyoxomolybdate was pillared with MgAl-LDH-NO_3 by direct ion exchange. These novel materials were carefully analyzed by various chemico-physical methods. The catalytic degradation of methylene blue(MB) and rhodamine B(RB) as common dyes in the presence of MgAl-LDH-1 nanoparticles with aqueous hydrogen peroxide, H_2 O_2, as an oxidizing agent was studied in aqueous solution at room temperature. More importantly, the catalyst can be recovered and reused efficiently up to five consecutive cycles with negligible loss of catalytic activity.     

Base-metal catalysts based on porous layered double hydroxides for alkaline-free sodium borohydride hydrolysis

Catalyzed hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (SBH) has demonstrated promise for generation of a pure hydrogen stream for use with fuel cells. In designing an improved continuous hydrogen generator that uses the substantial heat released in the hydrolysis reaction to more effectively separate the sodium borate by-product, we sought a robust base-metal catalyst that could tolerate the exothermic reaction under flow conditions. Working under base-free conditions in ethanol solvent we identified reduced nickel and iron-containing particles supported on layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as robust catalysts. Catalytic activity was enhanced further using high surface area hierarchical supports prepared using the ‘inverse opal’ method. In particular, macroporous NiMgAl and FeMgAl LDHs produced 0.4 and 1.0 mol of hydrogen per minute per mole of active metal of the supported catalyst in aqueous ethanol solvent.     

溶氧浓度对谷氨酸发酵关键酶的影响

谷氨酸发酵中,不同溶氧条件对产物谷氨酸和主要副产物乳酸的生成积累影响很大。文中研究了不同溶氧条件下和几种非正常条件下的谷氨酸发酵中主要关键酶(谷氨酸脱氢酶和乳酸脱氢酶)的变化规律,为谷氨酸发酵的进一步优化和控制提供了基础数据。     

Synergistic cytotoxicity induced by α-solanine and α-chaconine

α-Solanine and α-chaconine are well-known potato toxins, but the mechanism of the synergistic cytotoxic effect of these alkaloids has been little clarified. This study confirmed their synergistic cytotoxic effects on C6 rat glioma cells by three different cell viability tests, namely WST-1 (water-soluble tetrazolium) assay sensitive to intracellular NADH concentration, menadione-catalysed chemiluminescent assay depending on both NAD(P)H concentration and NAD(P)H:quinone reductase activity, and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay sensitive to the release of LDH from damaged cells. The maximum cytotoxic effect was observed at a ratio of 1:1 between α-solanine and α-chaconine at micromolar concentrations. The cytotoxic effects of these alkaloids were observed immediately after incubation and were constant after 30 min, suggesting that rapid damage of plasma membrane causes the lethal disorder of metabolism.     

基于红外热成像技术探讨腰椎间盘突出症人群的中医体质分布类型及特征

基于中医体质和红外热成像技术对腰椎间盘突出症（Lumbar Disc Herniation, LDH）人群进行流行病学调查,并分析了该人群的体质及红外皮温分布特点。对符合LDH纳入标准的243例人员采用标准化的中医体质量表判别和分析其体质类型;利用红外热成像技术观察腰骶椎投影区和双下肢神经支配区的皮温分布特点。LDH人群以兼夹体质类型为主,占70.7%。单一体质占26.3%。LDH人群的红外皮温特点表现为在腰骶部正中呈现热偏离,形状呈长条形、片状或小团状。双下肢神经支配区的红外皮温呈现冷偏离。结果表明,LDH人群的优势体质类型为阳虚血瘀质;其红外皮温呈规律性分布。红外热成像技术对LDH具有一定的诊断价值。     

Advances in layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based elastomer composites

This article reviews the advances in layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials and the synthesis of LDH-based elastomer composites. The potential of tuning the structure of LDH materials for desired properties and applications has attracted both academic and industrial interest in recent years. The modification of LDH materials and the use of such materials in the synthesis of composites with different elastomer matrices have been critically analyzed. Emphasis has been given to the use of Mg-Al LDHs and Zn-Al LDHs with different elastomers. The use of modified LDHs with elastomers substantially improves their mechanical, thermal and optical properties. Even “smart properties” of elastomers, such as reversible thermotropic optical characteristics, have been realized with the use of LDH-based multifunctional additives in rubber formulations. The flame retardance of some elastomer composites has also been enhanced with the use of modified LDHs. The possibility of replacing ZnO with LDH during rubber compounding has also been discussed, which would lead to drastic interventions in the well-established rubber processing technologies. LDH materials have also been reported to be biocompatible. Therefore, among the various possible applications of LDHs in different material development processes, their use in rubber technology offers the potential for environmentally friendly rubber products, even tires. Throughout this article, the structure, synthesis, properties and applications of elastomer/(LDH) composites are discussed, including suitable examples taken from the relevant literature.