La0．67Mg0．33Ni2．5Co0．5贮氢合金的制备和MH电极性能研究

采用高频感应熔炼方法制备了PuNi3型La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5合金;用X射线衍射分析和电化学方法研究了添加不同Mg含量以补偿Mg元素烧损时合金的组织结构和电化学性能。X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明,铸态合金由．PuNi3型主相和少量的CaCu5型第二相组成,铸态合金经1223K和10h退火处理后,CaCu5型第二相可明显减少,其中Mg增加10％时得到纯度较高的PuNi3型组织。电化学测试表明,增加适当Mg含量和进行退火热处理能明显提高和改善合金电极容量、循环稳定性和大电流放电性能。与AB5型和。482型Laves相贮氢合金比较,PuNi3型La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5贮氢合金具有电极容量高及优良的大电流放电性能。     

On structure and stability of (Hg, Mo)-1212 superconductors based on SAED and EDS analysis

A superconductor with nominal composition Hg_0.8Mo_0.2Sr₂Y_0.5Ca_0.5Cu₆₊ withT _c up to 96 K has been isolated and carefully examined by electron diffraction and X-ray energy dispersive spectrum analyses. Its structure can be attributed to space groupP4/mmm and lattice constantsa=3.82 å andc=11.91 å. Inhomogeneous distribution of the cations was observed, which is considered to be the key to the broadening ofT _c in theR-T curve. The effect of humid atmosphere on the stability of the sample has also been investigated.     

In Situ Chelating Synthesis of Hierarchical LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Polyhedron Assemblies with Ultralong Cycle Life for Li‐Ion Batteries

Layered lithium transition‐metal oxides, with large capacity and high discharge platform, are promising cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries. However, their high‐rate cycling stability still remains a large challenge. Herein, hierarchical LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ polyhedron assemblies are obtained through in situ chelation of transition metal ions (Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, and Mn²⁺) with amide groups uniformly distributed along the backbone of modified polyacrylonitrile chains to achieve intimate mixing at the atomic level. The assemblies exhibit outstanding electrochemical performances: superior rate capability, high volumetric energy density, and especially ultralong high‐rate cyclability, due to the superiority of unique hierarchical structures. The polyhedrons with exposed active crystal facets provide more channels for Li⁺ diffusion, and meso/macropores serve as access shortcuts for fast migration of electrolytes, Li⁺ and electrons. The strategy proposed in this work can be extended to fabricate other mixed transition metal‐based materials for advanced batteries.     

Characterization and humidity sensing properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 powder synthesized by metal-organic decomposition

Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-Bi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃ (BNT-BKT) powder is synthesized by a metal-organic decomposition method and characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A humidity sensor, which is consisted of five pairs of Ag-Pd interdigitated electrodes and an Al₂O₃ ceramic substrate, is fabricated by spin-coating the BNT-BKT powder on the substrate. Good humidity sensing properties such as high response value, short response and recovery times, and small hysteresis are observed in the sensing measurement. The impedance changes more than four orders of magnitude within the whole humidity range from 11% to 95% relative humidity (RH) at 100 Hz. The response time and recovery time are about 20 and 60 s, respectively. The maximum hysteresis is around 4% RH. The results indicate that BNT-BKT powder is of potential applications for fabricating high performance humidity sensors.     

“2＋0．5＋0．5”人才培养模式下综合实训的设计

我院三年制“软件技术专业”采用了“2＋0．5＋0．5”人才培养模式,即两年课堂教学,半年校内实训基地综合实训,半年校外实习。本文介绍了基于这种培养模式的专业综合实训环节的设计,总结了实训中采取的指导方法。     

Investigation on the design and synthesis of new systems of BNT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Three primary differences between BNT- and PZT-based ceramics were analyzed from the composition and the active component of the materials. Based on the analysis the authors’ group developed the new idea of the design of the multiple complex in the A-site ions of BNT compounds. (Bi_0.5Na_0.5)²⁺, Bi³⁺ and Na⁺ in the ABO₃ structure are defined as A-site, A₁-site and A₂-site ions, respectively, and A, A₁ and A₂-site ions can be simultaneously or singly substituted partially by alkaline-earth metal ions, metal ions with +3 valence and metal ions with +1 valence, respectively. Under this consideration, Several new systems of Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ (abbreviated as BNT)-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were proposed. These ceramics can be prepared by conventional ceramic techniques and have excellent piezoelectric performance. Among these materials, Bi_0.5(Na_1−x−y K _x Li _y )_0.5TiO₃ possesses higher piezoelectric constant (d ₃₃ = 230 pC/N), higher electromechanical couple factor (k _p = 0.40), larger remanent polarization (P _r = 38.9 μC/cm²) and a better P-E hysteresis loop until about 200^∘C. This work was supported by the projects of NSFC (50410179), (50572066), and (59972020), and NAMMC (2001-AA325060).     

铁基粉末温模压制技术的研究

温压工艺是一种能以较低成本制备高密度铁基粉末冶金零部件的新技术，但该技术在工业化应用中，需要昂贵的设备投入及改造费用，限制了其大规模应用。论文作者利用具有优异室温润滑性能的润滑剂，以经过退火和未退火处理的雾化铁粉配制的、材质为Fe-2Ni-1.5Cu-0．5C的2种混合粉末为原料，研究制备高密度粉末冶金材料的常规压制和温模压制工艺。结果显示，粉末中较理想的润滑剂含量范围为0．1％～0．3％（质量分数），此时，润滑剂含量对压制效果影响不明显。在压制压力为763MPa、模具温度为100℃的条件下，含0．1％润滑剂的2种粉末压坯密度分别达到7．50g／cm^3和7．43g／cm^3，对应的脱模压力为34MPa和42MPa，与传统温压效果相接近，而采用传统的室温压制也可以获得7．36g／cm^3的压坯密度。     

LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2@LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4/C复合正极材料的制备及性能

采用简单的机械球磨混合法制得NCM@LMFP/C(LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂@LiMn_0.6Fe_0.4PO₄/C)复合正极材料,系统地研究了NCM与LMFP/C复合比例(9∶1,8∶2,7∶3,6∶4,5∶5)对材料电化学性能和热稳定性的影响.使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对复合正极材料的结构与形貌进行表征研究.研究结果表明:当NCM与LMFP/C复合比例小于8∶2时,亚微米级LMFP/C出现富集、团聚,将NCM包埋其中.当NCM与LMFP/C复合比例为8∶2时,LMFP/C均匀地包覆在NCM颗粒表面或填充于其颗粒空隙中,材料的电化学性能最优、热稳定性良好:电流为0.1 C和1 C时的放电比容量分别为180.1和165.0 mAh/g,均高于理论测算容量(178.9和164.3 mAh/g);循环80周后容量保持率为95.7%,优于NCM(94.9%);复合正极材料热失控温度...     

纳米TiO_2修饰LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.11)Mn_(0.06)O_2正极材料改性研究

采用共沉淀法先合成[Ni_(0.83)Co_(0.11)Mn_(0.06)](OH)_2前驱体,在纯氧气氛下经过两段高温烧结生成LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.11)Mn_(0.06)O_2正极材料。通过在前驱体配锂烧结过程中加入纳米TiO_2实现了Ti~(4+)掺杂,经过掺杂后的Li[Ni_(0.83)Co_(0.11)Mn_(0.06)]_(0.98)Ti_(0.02)O_2正极材料在1C电流密度下的放电比容量高达185.6mAh/g,循环100圈后容量维持在178.8mAh/g,容量保持率高达96.33%。     

Cu-Ni-Si-Zr合金时效行为的研究

用扫描电镜（SEM）、涡流电导率测量仪和万能试验机分别对经冷变形后在400～500℃不同时间时效条件下Cu-2.1Ni-0.5Si-0.2Zr合金抗拉强度及电导率性能进行测量,用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了合金时效下的组织.结果表明：时效初期合金的抗拉强度及电导率增加较快,随着时效时间的延长,其抗拉强度达到峰值而电导率继续增加.合金在450℃时效2 h,其抗拉强度达到峰值,其值为665 MPa.合金中主要析出相为Ni2Si和CuxZr.利用Mott-Nabarro和Orowan公式对合金强化机理进行了分析.