Color changes in cyanosis and the significance of congenital dichromasy and lighting

There are anecdotal reports of color vision deficient medical practitioners (particularly deuteranopes) having difficulty in recognizing cyanosis. An understanding of the color changes in oxygenated blood has led to a better understanding of the lighting needs for hospitals. Using the same database, this article investigates the propensity for color vision deficient observers to make mistakes with cyanotic patients. The possibilities for helping the observer with appropriate color of lighting are considered. The spectral reflectances of blood at varying oxygenation levels previously reported were used 7 ; 8 to calculate chromaticity and lightness. The direction of the chromaticity change was compared with the protanopic and deuteranopic confusion lines. An attempt was made to identify sources that enhanced color changes for the color deficient. The color change of blood oxygenation is closely aligned with the confusion lines of congenital dichromats (particularly protanopia) showing the potential for difficulty in making this decision. No source could be demonstrated to solve the problem or even reduce it significantly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 428–432, 2007     

Effects of luminance,wavelength and purity on the color attributes: Brief review with new data and perspectives

A color stimulus may be characterized by three psychophysical dimensions (luminance, dominant wavelength, and purity), whose corresponding color attributes are lightness, hue, and chroma/colorfulness. The 3 × 3 matrix gives nine basic effects of the psychophysical dimensions on the color attributes (e.g. the effect of luminance on hue), but there are 49 possible combinations as more complex effects (e.g. the effect of luminance on hue and chroma, i.e. on chromaticity). Researching and quantifying such effects enables modelling of the underlying neural mechanisms and of color appearance. Using a simple nomenclature to identify the effects (e.g. Ph denotes the effect of Purity on hue), this paper briefly reviews and interrelates 15 of the commonest effects, giving new data or new graphical perspectives to clarify or fill gaps in the literature. Contrast and no‐contrast effects (stimuli viewed simultaneously or singly, respectively) are differentiated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 208–222, 2007     

基于距离信息扩展原理的物体识别方法

利用稀疏距离图象与灰度图象相结合，通过射影变换可使灰度图象特征有条件地获取距离信息，这称为 基于射影变换的距离信息扩展原理。利用这些距离信息可计算物体表面平面图形的欧氏空间不变量并对景物中的 物体产生假设。由于初始假设建立在可靠的基础上，并使用了带反馈的混合控制策略，使这种基于模型的物体识别 定位技术具有实用的前景。此文讨论了整个方法的原理及其实施方案，并实验验证了原理的正确性与有效性。     

热环境的人-机-环境系统工程评价

从人-机-环境系统工程的角度分析了热环境对人的影响。分析了不同热环境的评价方法，讨论了各种评价指数的适用范围，讨论了炎热环境和寒冷环境下的预防保护措施，为室内空调系统的设计评价、保护服装的选用，工作时间的安排提供了有用的工具。     

梳针刺辊与锯齿刺辊分梳差异的研究

为研究刺辊类型、速度对纤维损伤和去除结杂的影响,用Uster AFIS单纤维测试系统,分别对三种梳针刺辊和一种锯齿刺辊在二档道夫速度和四档刺辊速度条件下所加工的生条进行了检测.结果显示:梳针刺辊在减少纤维损伤方面明显优于锯齿刺辊;梳棉机产量低时,梳针剌辊去除棉结的效果好一些,梳棉机产量高时,锯齿刺辊去除棉结的效果要好于梳针剌辊;梳棉机产量低时,大都以锯齿和梳针Ⅲ刺辊去除杂质效果好些,梳棉机产量高时,锯齿和梳针Ⅱ刺辊去除杂质效果好些.     

Application of the blind source separation method to feature extraction of machine sound signals

As the result of vibration emission in air, a machine sound signal carries important information about the working condition of machinery. But in practice, the sound signal is typically received with a very low signal-to-noise ratio. To obtain features of the original sound signal, uncorrelated sound signals must be removed and the wavelet coefficients related to fault condition must be retrieved. In this paper, the blind source separation technique is used to recover the wavelet coefficients of a monitored source from complex observed signals. Since in the proposed blind source separation (BSS) algorithms it is generally assumed that the number of sources is known, the Gerschgorin disk estimator method is introduced to determine the number of sound sources before applying the BSS method. This method can estimate the number of sound sources under non-Gaussian and non-white noise conditions. Then, the partial singular value analysis method is used to select these significant observations for BSS analysis. This method ensures that signals are separated with the smallest distortion. Afterwards, the time-frequency separation algorithm, converted to a suitable BSS algorithm for the separation of a non-stationary signal, is introduced. The transfer channel between observations and sources and the wavelet coefficients of the source signals can be blindly identified via this algorithm. The reconstructed wavelet coefficients can be used for diagnosis. Finally, the separation results obtained from the observed signals recorded in a semi-anechoic chamber demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods .     

A parametric interpolator with confined chord errors, acceleration and deceleration for NC machining

Parametric interpolation has many advantages over linear interpolation in machining curves. Real time parametric interpolation research so far has addressed achieving a uniform feed rate, confined chord errors and jerk limited trajectory planning. However, simultaneous consideration of confined chord errors that respect the acceleration and deceleration capabilities of the machine has not been attempted. In this paper, the offline detection of feed rate sensitive corners is proposed. The velocity profile in these zones is planned so that chord errors are satisfied while simultaneously accommodating the machine's acceleration and deceleration limits. Outside the zone of the feed rate sensitive corners, the feed rate is planned using the Taylor approximation. Simulation results indicate that the offline detection of feed rate sensitive corners improves parametric interpolation. For real time interpolation, the parametric curve information can be augmented with the detected feed rate sensitive corners that are stored in 2×2 matrices.     

Detection and modification of confusing color combinations for red‐green dichromats to achieve a color universal design

Color‐vision deficiency is a relatively common genetic condition, which often leads to the obstruction of necessary information in colored images. It is important to minimize such inconvenient effects in communication using colored images from a universal design perspective. The universal design principle stipulates that all environments and products should be usable by all people, regardless of age, physical attributes, and ability. This article proposes a method to detect color combinations in a given image that would confuse color dichromats, and suggests a way in which to modify them to make the image easily distinguishable for both normal and dichromatic observers. Confusing color combinations were detected based on a color‐difference calculation using simulations of how the color would appear to dichromats. The confusing colors were then modified based on the minimization of an evaluation function, which was defined as the sum of the degree of confusion and the degree of color change from the original image. Several colored images obtained by the proposed method were compared with the originals by red–green dichromatic observers who judged them to be clearer, thereby confirming that the proposed method was effective for color rendering for universal design. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 203–211, 2008     

FuzzyBagging: A novel ensemble of classifiers

In this work, a new method for the creation of classifier ensembles is introduced. The patterns are partitioned into clusters to group together similar patterns, a training set is built using the patterns that belong to a cluster. Each of the new sets is used to train a classifier. We show that the approach here presented, called FuzzyBagging, obtains performance better than Bagging.