Properties and Use of the Shewhart Method and Its Followers

Abstract

After the Shewhart method was suggested for industrial applications, other applications, such as surveillance for bioterrorism and financial transactions, came into focus. Other methods for surveillance have also followed. The relation between the Shewhart method and the followers is examined. A uniform presentation of methods, by expressions of likelihood ratios, facilitates the comparisons between methods. The situations for which the Shewhart method has optimality properties are thus determined. The uses of the Shewhart method and its followers for complicated situations are reviewed.     

On the Performance of the Fluctuation Test for Structural Change

Abstract

We discuss the performance of “closed-end” fluctuation tests, used to detect changes in the structural stability of a model, in the case where the time horizon is large and the observations do not possess high enough moments. It is demonstrated via a simulation study that, in the latter case, the choice of the boundary function should take into account the number of moments existing; otherwise the actual size of the test may exceed the nominal level. We suggest an alternative “open-end” fluctuation procedure and study its asymptotic behavior. It turns out that if an improper boundary function is chosen, then the null hypothesis may be rejected even if it is true. This means that an appropriate choice of the boundary function requires some prior information about the tail heaviness of the observations. This is different from the cumulative sum-based monitoring schemes suggested by Chu et al. (1996 Chu , C. S. J. , Stinchcombe , M. and White , H. ( 1996 ). Monitoring Structural Change , Econometrica 64 : 1045 – 1065 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and further studied by Horváth et al. (2004 Horváth , L. , Hu?ková , M. , Kokoszka , P. , and Steinebach , J. ( 2004 ). Monitoring Changes in Linear Models , Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 126 : 225 – 251 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]).     

应用智能复合材料修复与智能监测桥梁等基础设施

简介了一种用于桥梁的新型智能复合材料,可对桥梁同时进行加固和智能监测,并解释其工作原理,展望其应用前景。     

Real-time risk monitoring system for chemical plants

This study was performed to develop a Real-Time Risk Monitoring System which helps to do fault detection using the information from plant information systems in a chemical process. In this study, to do fault detection, principal component analysis (PCA) methods of multivariate statistical analysis were used. The fundamental notions are a set of variable combinations, that is, detection of principal components which indicate the tendency of variables and operating data. Besides classical statistic process control, PCA can reduce the dimension of variables with monitoring process. Therefore, they are known as suitable methods to treat enormous data composed of many dimensions. The developed Real-Time Risk Monitoring System can analyze and manage the plant information on-line, diagnose causes of abnormality and so prevent major accidents. It’s useful for operators to treat numerous process faults efficiently.     

基于RFID的FMS多品种、变批量零件关键工序加工质量监控模式研究

将RFID技术运用到FMS零件加工关键工序质量监控中,提出一种监控模式.介绍了适用于多品种、变批量加工的监控系统基本组成方案,提出系统基本模型;分析系统基本控制原理,即利用实际测量获得的工艺矩阵与标准矩阵相比较得到的差别矩阵进行质量分析,达到质量监控的目的.     

Detectability of corrosion damage with circumferential guided waves in reflection and transmission

There is an increasing interest in high frequency short range guided waves to screen or monitor for corrosion. This contrasts with long range guided waves (LRGWs) which screen pipes for large patches of corrosion and have been successfully used in corrosion management for the past twenty years. The fundamental setup described in this paper uses circumferential guided waves, which are excited at a single location on a pipe and travel around the pipe wall and are detected at the same location. The study uses a finite element model assisted method to evaluate the detection capability of two short range circumferential guided wave setups which use both the reflected and transmitted signals. The setups themselves consist of either an axial array of transducers, for monitoring, or a single transducer which axially scans a pipe. Both setups have an array or scan pitch between either adjacent transducers or measurements. The detection capability of the fundamental Lamb wave modes (A0 and S0) in both reflection and transmission have been compared, as well as a hybrid shear horizontal wave setup, which uses the SH0 mode in reflection and the SH1 mode in transmission. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using two separate methods to determine the probability of detection (POD) for either the reflection or transmission signals. Both methods determine a POD for a specific defect, noise level, and array or scan pitch. Probability images are produced which map the POD for a range of defect sizes. For the parameters investigated in this study, it was found that in transmission large diameter defects have a higher detectability, whereas deep, narrow diameter defects are more detectable in reflection. A generalised overview of the sensitivity of short range guided waves is presented by combining both the reflection and transmission PODs. The data fused sensitivity of the S0 and SH hybrid modes are given as 0.6% and 0.75% cross sectional area (CSA) respectively, allowing for the comparison with LRGWs. The A0 mode was excluded from the POD analysis because it was much less sensitive than the other two modes.     

声发射信号特征参数分析方法在镁铝合金拉伸试验分析中的应用

介绍了声发射信号特征参数及简单参数分析方法。用声发射技术监测了镁铝合金的拉伸过程,对比分析了拉伸特性曲线和声发射分布图随时间的变化规律,发现声发射事件计数和幅值能很好地反映拉伸的不同阶段。对信号参数进行关联分析,事件计数和能量关联在时间上的分布能很好地区分拉伸过程中的声源,也能很好地区分拉伸的不同阶段。     

无线加速度传感器的MEMS芯片ADXL202应用设计与集成

阐述了一种基于MEMS技术的芯片ADXL202的应用设计与集成。介绍了ADXL202的测试原理和主要参数设计原则，然后利用其集成了一种无线加速度传感器并进行了测试。实验结果表明：ADXL202非常适合于频率变化较为缓慢、加速度不太大的土木工程结构的测量；利用ADXL202所构成的无线加速度传感器，易安装拆除，适合在土木工程结构监测中应用。     

Process monitoring with sensory machine tool components

Increasing automation paired with demands from high speed and high performance cutting leads to the need for process monitoring methods which avoid faulty or destructive conditions. This paper describes new monitoring methods using a sensory machine tool. By integrating a sensing fixture and an adaptive sensory milling spindle the process and workpiece behavior can be observed from both sides of the process. Interaction of these components allows new monitoring capability. A new concept for sensor fusion results in methods for automated self-calibration and a detailed insight into the process. Effects from spindle, workpiece and process dynamics can be separated.     

几种智能疏散指示系统的比较

介绍智能疏散指示系统的工作原理、系统构成、监控功能、后备电池设置方式、供电方式、联动控制及通信方式。电气设计时应根据工程需求及侧重点的不同选择相应的智能疏散指示系统。