质子交换膜燃料电池用催化剂及其稳定性改进方法研究进展

系统总结了质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)用催化剂的种类,以及其在长时间运行过程中性能衰减的主要原因,归纳了近年来提高催化剂稳定性的改进方法,包括改变合金组成、对催化剂表面进行修饰、选择高稳定性催化剂载体、制备新型催化剂材料;最后提出了该催化剂材料研究中存在的问题和今后的发展方向。     

Optimization of PEMFC model parameters with a modified particle swarm optimization

In this paper, an electrochemical‐based proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model suitable for engineering applications is presented. In order to improve the accuracy of this model so that it can reflect the actual PEMFC performance better, its parameters are optimized by means of a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO). The MPSO is a modified method for the PSO's inertia weight. The proposed inertia weight is calculated according to the distance of the particle's current position from the best solution of the entire swarm. The obtained results of the PEMFC model with optimized parameters agree with experimental data well. Therefore, the MPSO is a helpful and reliable technique for optimizing the model parameters and can be used to solve other complex parameter optimization problems of fuel cell models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of porosity and pressure on the PEM fuel cell performance

This paper presents a numerical modeling, provides an improved understanding of the fundamental transport phenomena inside the PEM fuel cell. The problem is stated in a steady-state, two-dimensional model and Cartesian coordinates system by using a single domain and a control volume method. The model consists of non-linear, coupled partial differential equations representing the conservation of mass, momentum, species, charges and energy with electrochemical reactions that are valid for gas diffusion electrodes, catalyst layers and membrane region. The modeling of bidirectional, non-isothermal and steady problem of PEMFC provides results concerning the species fraction, potential and temperature distribution in different domain.     

Computationally efficient multi-phase models for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Asymptotic reduction and thermal decoupling

Generally, multi-phase models for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) that seek to capture the local transport phenomena are inherently non-linear with high computational overhead. We address the latter with a reduced multi-phase, multicomponent, and non-isothermal model that is inexpensive to compute without sacrificing geometrical resolution and the salient features of the PEMFC - this is accomplished by considering a PEMFC equipped with porous-type flow fields coupled with scaling arguments and leading-order asymptotics. The reduced model is verified with the calibrated and validated full model for three different experimental fuel cells: good agreement is found. Overall, memory requirements and computational time are reduced by around 2-3 orders of magnitude. In addition, thermal decoupling is explored in an attempt to further reduce computational cost. Finally, we discuss how other types of flow fields and transient conditions can be incorporated into the mathematical and numerical framework presented here.     

An improved tank in series model for PEMFC

This study presents an improved Tank in Series Reactor (TSR) Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell model with mass and energy balance equations accounting for evaporation and condensation in cathode channels. The TSR model includes the modified charge balance equation suitable for potentiostatic fuel cell operation mode. Polarization curves calculated with the improved model agree with experimental data from the literature. The developed TSR model is able to predict the limiting two-dimensional profiles in PEMFC. Simulation results illustrate the influence of co-current and counter current mode on PEM fuel cell performance.     

1.5 kWe HT-PEFC stack with composite MEA for CHP application

In this work, the performance of a High Temperature (HT) Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) stack for co-generation application was investigated. A 3 kW power unit composed of two 1.5 kW modules was designed, manufactured and tested. The module was composed of 40 composite graphite cell with an active area of 150 cm². Composite Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) based on Nafion/Zirconia membranes were used to explore the behavior of the stack at high temperature (120 °C). Tests were performed in both pure Hydrogen and H₂/CO₂/CO mixture at different humidification grade, simulating the exit gas from a methane fuel processor. The fuel cells stack has generated a maximum power of 2400 W at 105 A with pure hydrogen and fully hydrated gases and 1700 W at 90 A by operating at low humidity grade (95/49 RH% for H₂/Air). In case the stack was fed with reformate simulated stream fully saturated, a maximum power of 2290 W at 105 A was reached: only a power loss of 5% was recorded by using reformate stream instead of pure hydrogen. The humidification grade of Nafion membrane was indicated as the main factor affecting the proton conductivity of Nafion while the addition of the inert compound like YSZ, did not affectthe electrochemical properties of the membrane but, rather has enhanced mechanical resistance at high temperature.     

大功率燃料电池运行条件的研究

采用正交法设计实验,利用不同结构的流场组装的两台50kW质子交换膜燃料电池堆运行,探索各种电池运行因素(温度、相对湿度、反应气利用率等)对大功率燃料电池堆稳定运行的影响,获得较优的燃料电池运行条件;为大功率燃料电池发动机的稳定运行提供参考。     

PEMFC电催化剂研究进展

介绍了质子交换膜燃料电池用电催化剂的研究进展.论述了Pt-Ru、Pt-Sn、Pt-W、Pt-Mo等阳极催化剂以及Pt-Fe、Pt-Co、Pt-Cr等阴极催化剂的制备方法、催化机理和性能;介绍了无铂大环螯合物和过渡金属复合氧化物等非铂系催化剂和碳纳米管等新型载体催化剂的研究进展,提出了PEMFC用催化剂的研究方向.     

聚合物电解质燃料电池研究进展

综述了聚合物电解质燃料电池（PEMFC）的研究进展，讨论了PEMFC的五个主要研究问题，比较、分析了Nafion、聚苯并咪唑（PBI）膜和其他质子交换膜性能。最后，对质子交换膜的研究提供了意见。     

质子交换膜燃料电池的研究开发及应用新进展

介绍了国内外研究质子交换膜燃料电池的整体现状及水平 ,从电催化剂、膜电极及其制备工艺、质子交换膜以及双极板等几个方面 ,综述了质子交换膜燃料电池在材料及部件方面取得的成绩及研究现状 ,概述了质子交换膜燃料电池目前在电动车、船舶、移动电源等方面的应用情况。提出了我国质子交换膜燃料电池的发展方向