大功率天然气发动机怠速控制策略研究

为提高大功率天然气发动机怠速时的稳态和动态效果,以V模式为研究手段,基于一款六缸天然气多点电喷发动机,实现了发动机怠速控制策。首先针对不同的怠速工况设计了不同的目标怠速转速值的计算,并根据发动机特性确定了PI控制模式。利用目标怠速转速和瞬时转速的差值确定不同PI控制参数,通过PI控制调节电子节气门的开度,从而实现对发动机怠速转速的控制。然后根据实际发动机参数搭建了发动机MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真模型,用于对怠速控制策略进行软件在环仿真测试以及PI控制参数预标定。最后在天然气发动机试验台架上对控制策略进行了进一步的试验和标定。试验结果表明：该怠速控制策略,可让发动机转速响应时间控制在1秒左右,转速稳定时间在2秒左右,发动机转速稳态误差控制在±5rpm范围之内,实现了对怠速的良好稳定控制。     

Parallel distributed compensator design of tank level control based on fuzzy Takagi–Sugeno model

In this paper, a fuzzy controller is designed based on parallel distributed compensation (PDC) method and it is implemented in an experimental tank level control system. Firstly, a mathematical model of the system is obtained experimentally. An important feature of the plant is its nonlinearity. To control the level of water in the tank over the whole range, the nonlinear model of the system is linearized around three different operating points. Then, three PI controllers are designed for the operating points, using Skogestad's method. By using the PDC method, an overall fuzzy controller is designed by the fuzzy blending of the three PI-controllers. To evaluate the practical performance of the PDC-based fuzzy controller, the control system is implemented in the experimental system. The evaluation criteria considered are step response and disturbance rejection. The comparison results showed the superiority of the PDC-controller over the classical PI-controller.     

SiP协调设计和PI解析(6)

概述了SiP(系统封装)协调设计和PI解析:(1)协调工程(下);(2)电源供给电路;(3)SSD噪声;(4)旁路电容。     

PIλ 电流内环控制器实现的链式APF在外超导磁体中的应用

稳态强磁场超导磁体电源采用双反星型可控硅整流技术方案,是一种典型的非线性负载,运行时会带来较大的无功冲击及谐波污染。针对科学装置的链式高压有源电力滤波方案规划,结合有源滤波系统的非线性特性,提出一种采用分数阶PI控制器代替普通PI控制器实现的电流内环解耦方法,基于改进的Oustaloup算法,实现分数阶微积分的求解。通过仿真与实验对比分析了分数阶PI与常规PI控制器的运行效果。经仿真与实验表明,采用的分数阶PI电流内环控制器是正确的,且具有一定的参考价值。     

双闭环模糊PI控制的双馈式风机并网研究

将模糊控制与PI控制相结合,应用于双馈式风机网侧变换器控制中。采用外环电压模糊PI控制、内环电流控制的双闭环控制系统来克服运行时发电机参数发生变化带来的干扰。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建仿真模型进行仿真,结果表明:该方法在运行过程中可以很好地克服风速和电机参数变化的影响,定子端电压的波形、幅值、频率均达到并网要求,谐波含量少。     

Targeted Therapies for Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer

The discovery of various driver pathways and targeted small molecule agents/antibodies have revolutionized the management of metastatic breast cancer. Currently, the major targets of clinical utility in breast cancer include the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK-4/6) pathway. Brain metastasis, however, remains a thorn in the flesh, leading to morbidity, neuro-cognitive decline, and interruptions in the management of systemic disease. Approximately 20%–30% of patients with metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastases. Surgery, whole brain radiation therapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery are the traditional treatment options for patients with brain metastases. The therapeutic paradigm is changing due to better understanding of the blood brain barrier and the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Several of these agents are in clinical practice and several others are in early stage clinical trials. In this article, we will review the common targetable pathways in the management of breast cancer patients with brain metastases, and the current state of the clinical development of drugs against these pathways.     

Effect of alumina on the structure and properties of polyimide matrix films

To improve the properties of polyimide (PI), different mass fractions of alumina (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles, unmodified or modified by KH550, were incorporated into PI matrix to form PI/Al₂O₃ hybrid films by in situ polymerisation. The effects of Al₂O₃ additives on the structure, dielectric and mechanical properties of the films were studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful preparation of PI/Al₂O₃ hybrid films, and the microstructures of the samples showed a more uniform dispersion of the modified Al₂O₃ nanoparticles than the unmodified ones in the matrix. The dielectric constant of the films increased with increasing filler content, and the maximum electrical breakdown strength of 311 MV m^?1 was obtained with a filler content of 8.0 wt-% modified Al₂O₃ in the matrix. Both unmodified and modified Al₂O₃-reinforced PI hybrids demonstrated improved mechanical properties compared with the PI matrix. Moreover, the properties of films with Al₂O₃ modified by KH550 were better.     

胡黄连苷Ⅱ对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞自噬的影响及其作用机制研究

目的:探讨胡黄连苷Ⅱ对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞自噬及PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路的影响。方法:50只裸鼠随机分为5组,每组10只,分为模型组、3-MA组、胡黄连苷Ⅱ高剂量（100 mg/kg）、中剂量(10 mg/kg)、低剂量(1 mg/kg)组。体外培养人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7,随后移植于裸鼠体内,建立MCF-7乳腺癌皮下移植瘤模型。测量各组裸鼠体质量;测量乳腺肿瘤体积并计算出肿瘤抑制率;HE染色法观察肿瘤细胞形态;TUNEL法检测MCF-7细胞凋亡情况;Western blot检测Beclin1、PI3K、p-PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、mTOR、p-mTOR蛋白的表达。结果:胡黄连苷Ⅱ能显著抑制乳腺癌裸鼠体质量的降低（P<0.01）;提高肿瘤抑制率（P<0.01）;改善病理组织结果;促进MCF-7细胞凋亡;增加Beclin1蛋白的表达;降低PI3K、p-PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、mTOR、p-mTOR蛋白的表达（P<0.01）。结论:胡黄连苷Ⅱ对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞具有显著抑制作用,其机制与抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路从而增强MCF-7细胞自噬有关。     

胰岛素通过PI3K/AKT及PI3K/ERK通路减轻脂多糖对钠泵α1亚基的抑制

目的:研究胰岛素减轻脂多糖对肺泡II型上皮细胞Na+-K+-ATPase α1亚基表达抑制的分子机制。方法:以A549细胞为研究对象,脂多糖（1 μg/mL）诱导8 h后,再加用胰岛素（100 nmol/L）处理4 h,采用Western blot法检测Na+-K+-ATPase α1亚基表达及AKT、ERK1/2、p70s6k、NEDD4-2总蛋白表达及其磷酸化水平变化。结果:A549细胞在1 μg/mL脂多糖作用下,Na+-K+-ATPase α1亚基蛋白表达显著降低。胰岛素处理可部分解除脂多糖对A549细胞Na+-K+-ATPase α1亚基表达的抑制。胰岛素上调Na+-K+-ATPase α1亚基表达是通过改变PI3K/AKT及PI3K/ERK通路中关键蛋白AKT、NEDD4-2、ERK1/2、p70s6k的磷酸化水平来实现的。结论:胰岛素通过调控PI3K/AKT及PI3K/ERK通路部分解除脂多糖对肺泡II型上皮细胞Na+-K+-ATPase α1亚基表达的抑制,这为临床上采用胰岛素干预急性呼吸窘迫综合征提供了初步实验依据。