Human urine - Chemical composition and fertilizer use efficiency

Stored human urine had pH values of 8.9 and was composed of eight main ionic species (> 0.1 meq L^–1), the cations Na, K, NH₄, Ca and the anions, Cl, SO₄, PO₄ and HCO₃. Nitrogen was mainly (> 90%) present as ammoniacal N, with ammonium bicarbonate being the dominant compound. Urea and urate decomposed during storage. Heavy metal concentrations in urine samples were low compared with other organic fertilizers, but copper, mercury, nickel and zinc were 10–500 times higher in urine than in precipitation and surface waters. In a pot experiment with¹⁵N labelled human urine, higher gaseous losses and lower crop uptake (barley) of urine N than of labelled ammonium nitrate were found. Phosphorus present in urine was utilized at a higher rate than soluble phosphate, showing that urine P is at least as available to crops as soluble P fertilizers.     

创新铁路运输方式实现750m^3高炉富余铁水分流

针对750m^3高炉铁水生产富余状况，制订了富余铁水向铸铁机铸铁的调送方案，通过创新思维、系统挖潜、优化资源配置等措施的实施，保证了750m^3高炉的正常生产，取得了良好效果。     

Expressing the equivalence of non‐isothermal and isothermal heat sterilization processes

Currently, the sterility of heat‐processed food and pharmaceuticals is assessed in terms of an F₀ value, based on the equivalence of the heat treatment to an isothermal process at a reference temperature. This F₀ value, however, has a meaning if, and only if, the inactivation kinetics of the targeted spores (or cells) follow a first‐order relationship and the temperature dependence of the D value, the reciprocal of the rate constant, is log‐linear. There is growing evidence that these conditions are not satisfied by many spores, including those of Clostridium botulinum and vegetative cells. Consequently, a replacement for the F₀ value is proposed in the form of a momentary equivalent time at the reference temperature based on the actual survival pattern of the spores, which need not be log‐linear. This equivalent time can be calculated together with the theoretical survival ratio in real time, thus enabling an operator to monitor the lethality of ongoing industrial heat processes. The concept is demonstrated with published survival data of C. botulinum, for which the Weibullian and log‐logistic models served as primary and secondary models, respectively. The safety factor according to the proposed method is in the number of added minutes of processing, beyond the theoretical time needed to reduce the survival ratio of the targeted spores or cells to a level that would produce practical (or commercial) sterility. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Trade and spatial economic interdependence

Abstract. Regional scientists have had a long fascination with spatial economic interdependence, initially stimulated by the development of a suite of models in Isard (1960). In recent years there have been two major developments; first, a movement towards greater integration in model development not only with large-scale models, but also with careful attempts to make more components of the system endogenous. The second development has been the pursuit of greater integration than in earlier studies between theory and applied regional economic modelling, most notably in the area of trade and economic development. We explore some of the recent developments of this latter approach and provide an assessment of the current state-of-the art of some future opportunities.     

TFT有源矩阵α－Si∶H薄膜PECVD淀积工艺研究

分析了α－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ薄膜的质量和厚度对α－Ｓｉ∶ＨＴＦＴ关键性指标的影响，深入、详细地讨论了其ＰＥＣＶＤ淀积工艺，并在实验的基础上确定了最佳淀积工艺参数，从而获得了高性能的７５ｍｍ３７２×２７６像素α－Ｓｉ∶ＨＴＦＴ有源矩阵     

TMS320F240片内FLASH串行口编程

本文介绍了一种对TMS320F240利用串行口进行编程的方法,此方法相对于TMS320F240研发人员普遍使用XDS510仿真器编程的方法,具有设备简单、操作方便和运行可靠等特点,尤其适合现场编程.     

Evaluation of effect of hydrogen on toughness of Zircaloy-2 by instrumented drop weight impact testing

Hydride-assisted degradation in fracture toughness of Zircaloy-2 was evaluated by carrying out instrumented drop-weight tests on curved Charpy specimens fabricated from virgin pressure tube. Samples were charged to 60 ppm and 225 ppm hydrogen. Ductile-to-brittle-transition behaviour was exhibited by as-received and hydrided samples. The onset of ductile-to-brittle-transition was at about 130 °C for hydrided samples, irrespective of their hydrogen content. Dynamic fracture toughness (K_ID) was estimated based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approach. For fractures occurring after general yielding, the fracture toughness was derived based on equivalent energy criterion. Results are supplemented with fractography. This simple procedure of impact testing appears to be promising for monitoring service-induced degradation in fracture toughness of pressure tubes.     

基于TMS320F2801 DSP新型电压监测仪的设计

针对目前普遍使用的电压监测仪在运行中存在的问题,从硬件及电气回路分析不足之处,提出基于TMS320F2801 DSP的改进型电压监测仪。     

基于MSP430的低功耗近距无线图像传输系统设计与实现

近距无线图像传输系统主要用于无线传感器网络中的图像采集、传输、处理和显示,本文设计并实现了一种具有较强实用性的近距无线图像传输系统。采用OV7670图像传感器作为图像数据采集器,高速低功耗的nRF24L01射频模块作为无线收发器,采用MSP430F14916位超低功耗单片机作为微处理器,所构成的系统具有功耗低、图像传输速度快等优点。作者详细阐述了该系统的硬件结构和软件设计。     

储能设备获最大功率的改进型光伏充电系统设计

针对光伏充电系统中能量利用率不高的问题,给出了改进型光伏充电系统的硬件及软件系统的设计方法。该系统基于低功耗单片机MSP430F1611,利用扰动观察法,通过控制数字电位器来间接调节MPPT变换器的输出电压,从而光伏电池功率与MPPT变换器效率在比值最优的情况下,可使得储能设备获得最大功率。经过仿真验证,该方法可以达到预期的效果,储能设备在同等条件下能获得更多的电能。