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101.
利用锥形量热仪对添加了不同阻燃剂的软质聚氨酯泡沫,在25kW/m^2下,其热释放速率、产烟量、一氧化碳产生量、二氧化碳产生量和点燃时间等进行了试验研究。结果表明,含氯化铵的聚氨酯泡沫燃烧时热释放速率最小,仅是未经阻燃处理的聚氨酯泡沫的热释放速率的11.5%;含硫酸铵的聚氨酯泡沫的产烟量最少,仅是未经阻燃处理的聚氨酯泡沫的产烟量的6.4%;含氯化铵的聚氨酯泡沫燃烧时产生的一氧化碳和二氧化碳都是最少的,分别是未经阻燃处理的聚氨酯泡沫的2,4%和1.6%;点燃时间最长的是含四硼酸钠的聚氨酯泡沫,几乎是未经阻燃处理的聚氨酯泡沫的15倍,其它阻燃剂对聚氨酯泡沫的燃烧性能都有不同程度的影响。 相似文献
102.
103.
The diffusional behavior of multi-arm star-shaped p(tBMA) was investigated in a concentration range from dilute to semidilute region with 1H pulsed field gradient spin-echo NMR (PFGSE-NMR). An 142-arm star-shaped p(tBMA) showed two diffusional mode, which reflected the coexistence of liquid ordering phase and liquid phase near the ordering transition. On the other hand, for star-shaped p(tBMA) with 55 arms showed a single diffusional relaxation in all concentration ranges during observation time. In the semidilute region, the relationship between the diffusion coefficient against the polymer concentration was affected strongly not only the arm number but also liquid ordering structure. 相似文献
104.
A. Samimi 《Chemical engineering science》2005,60(14):3993-4004
The characterisation of mechanical properties of particulate solids (e.g. yield pressure and failure strength) is often done by an analysis of bulk compression. However, the relationship between bulk compression behaviour and the physical and mechanical parameters of single particles is not well understood. In this paper the deformation and failure behaviour of soft synthetic detergent granules is investigated experimentally using single granule and bulk compression analyses. Furthermore, the bulk compression of soft spheres, with the properties, which are the same as those of single granules used here, is simulated by distinct element method (DEM) and the predictions are compared with the experimental results. Both the experimental and simulation analyses are for a range of low pressures, less than 30 kPa, with the aim of characterising the yield pressure (limiting contact pressure) of the individual granules using the bulk compression models of Heckel, Kawakita and Lüdde and Adams and co-workers. It is shown that the ratio of the yield pressure of single granules to the Heckel parameter for this type of granules is less than one, and is about 0.5. Furthermore, a relationship is developed among the above three models of bulk compression, in which the above ratio is related to parameters such as the inter-particle and particle wall friction coefficients, initial porosity of the bed and lateral to axial pressure ratio of the particles in the bed. Therefore the use of bulk compression method to infer single particle properties should be made with great caution. 相似文献
105.
In this article, we review and discuss algorithms for adaptive data-driven soft sensing. In order to be able to provide a comprehensive overview of the adaptation techniques, adaptive soft sensing methods are reviewed from the perspective of machine learning theory for adaptive learning systems. In particular, the concept drift theory is exploited to classify the algorithms into three different types, which are: (i) moving windows techniques; (ii) recursive adaptation techniques; and (iii) ensemble-based methods. The most significant algorithms are described in some detail and critically reviewed in this work. We also provide a comprehensive list of publications where adaptive soft sensors were proposed and applied to practical problems. Furthermore in order to enable the comparison of different methods to standard soft sensor applications, a list of publicly available data sets for the development of data-driven soft sensors is presented. 相似文献
106.
Compensation excavation method control for large deformation disaster of mountain soft rock tunnelOA
In recent years, the mine tunneling method and the new Austrian tunneling method have been considered the main theories of tunneling approaches in China. It is difficult for the traditional technique to overcome the large deformation problems imposed by complex geological conditions of mountain soft rock tunneling. Hence, the compensation excavation method has been proposed to solve this issue under the consideration that all damage in tunneling originates from the excavation. It uses supportive... 相似文献
107.
A novel experimental approach to measure permeability of porous material samples under variable longitudinal compaction has been developed. The material has a non-linear structural behavior and exhibits a small hysteresis during mechanical loading and unloading experiments. The new permeameter includes a piston moving inside a Plexiglas cylinder with controllable speed and a test section where the porous material sample is placed under compaction by two grids with adjustable positions. Time-dependent pressure was recorded at four different locations along the sample together with the velocity of the piston. Experiments with two different sample lengths have been performed at three different Reynolds numbers based on the apparatus diameter. The results show that pressure gradient and permeability data do not depend on initial uncompacted sample length. All experiments included measurements at various compaction ratios of the material followed by measurements during relaxation/expansion of the material. No hysteresis was observed in the pressure gradient and permeability data during compaction and expansion of the material for a wide range of compaction ratio. The effects of small velocity fluctuations due to variable friction of the moving piston with cylinder’s wall were also considered. These velocity fluctuations cause pressure fluctuations within the sample which are high close to the inlet part of the material sample and are reduced almost completely towards its outlet. However these pressure fluctuations when scaled with the corresponding mean pressure retained their time-dependent amplitude and phase unchanged along the material. These relative pressure fluctuations cancelled out the flow velocity fluctuations resulting insignificant fluctuations in permeability. It was found that permeability, which is a material property, is drastically reduced with increased compaction ratio of the material while its solid fraction changes substantially but its porosity remains practically unchanged. A comparison with the Cármán–Kozeny expression for random porous media was also examined. Cármán–Kozeny expression predicts qualitatively the reduction of permeability with compaction. However, the predicted values of permeability are very sensitive to the initial value of porosity. 相似文献
108.
M.P. Lobera S. Valero J.M. Serra S. Escolástico E. Argente V. Botti 《Chemical engineering science》2011,(24):6308
This work presents the optimization of the operating conditions of a membrane reactor for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. The catalytic membrane reactor is based on a mixed ionic–electronic conducting material, i.e. Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2Oδ−3, which presents high oxygen flux above 750 °C under sufficient chemical potential gradient. Specifically, diluted ethane is fed into the reactor chamber and air (or diluted air) is flushed to the other side of the membrane. A framework based on Soft Computing techniques has been used to maximize the ethylene yield by simultaneously varying five operation variables: nominal reactor temperature (Temp); gas flow in the reaction compartment (QHC); gas flow in the oxygen-rich compartment (QAir); ethane concentration in the reaction compartment (%C2H6); and oxygen concentration in oxygen-rich compartment (%O2). The optimization tool combines a genetic algorithm guided by a neural network model. This shows how the neural network model for this particular problem is obtained and the analysis of its behavior along the optimization process. The optimization process is analyzed in terms of: (1) catalytic figures of merit, i.e., evolution of yield and selectivity towards different products and (2) framework behavior and variable significance. The two experimental areas maximizing the ethylene yield are explored and analyzed. The highest yield reached in the optimization process exceeded 87%. 相似文献
109.
Puhe Coal Mine is a typical Tertiary coal in Shenbei mining area. With an increase in mining depth, tectonic stress field becomes more complex, leading to increased deformation and failure of the soft rock roadway. Stress becomes an important factor of mine safety and stability. This paper analyzes the distribution of the regional tectonic field, and determines the distribution of situ stress measurement through measuring the ground stress field in the main mining area level of Puhe Coal Mine using stress relief method. The acquired in situ stress data at different locations and depths provide a reference for the rational arrangement of the stop and mine roadway supporting design, which are of great significance for the efficient safety production of the mine. 相似文献
110.
聚丙烯反应器熔融指数预测控制算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对双环管聚丙烯反应器中的熔融指数难以在线测量的问题,采用机理建模方法建立熔融指数软测量模型。为了实现预测控制,将软测量模型转化为Hammerstein模型形式作为预测模型。并基于这个预测模型设计预测控制器,实现了聚合反应过程的熔融指数预测控制,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献