受限空间安全作业管理浅析

受限空间因受作业场所限制,存在的危险因素较多,受限空间安全管理控制措施为:建立许可制,落实责任和措施,做好受限空间作业人员的个体防护,对受限空间作业的安全管理要实行从审批到应急处理全过程的控制。介绍了受限空间的危险特点和事故类型,提出了受限空间作业安全管理的具体措施。     

航天电源技术研究进展

航天电源具备高能量密度、高可靠性、长时间供电等特点, 近年来多种航天电源发展迅速。本文介绍了再生型燃料电池、锂离子蓄电池等新型化学能源,新型的太阳能电池技术,太阳能热动力发电系统和核能热发电系统的现状;着重阐述了在航天飞行器上应用的化学蓄电池、太阳能电池阵-蓄电池组、燃料电池、核能发电系统等电源系统的特点及存在的问题。对于航天电源运控相关的流动与传热问题做了深入探讨,并展望了航天电源的研究方向：太阳能电池有向薄膜化方向发展的趋势,化学蓄电池主要配合太阳能电池;燃料电池适用于长时间远距离活动;核能适用大功率、长航时航天器。     

FJC浮选机充气搅拌装置内流体状态的分析

介绍了FJC系列煤用喷射式浮选机核心部件充气搅拌装置的结构特点及工作原理;利用射流理论分析了充气搅拌装置内流体状态,并通过粒子图像测速(PIV)试验,分析了喉管内流体的速度矢量分布和涡量分布情况,证明充气搅拌装置内流体运动符合有限空间射流运动,同时还存在回流区,致使喉管内能量损失严重。     

污泥分级分相厌氧反应器水力特性研究

污泥厌氧生物反应器的结构决定了反应器的流态,从而影响着可能达到的污泥处理效率.为了提高石化水厂剩余污泥的厌氧消化效率,对一种新型的污泥分级分相厌氧反应器的结构进行了优化设计.采用停留时间分布RTD(residence time distribution)的方法研究了反应器的降流区、升流区面积之比、溢流板高度和水力停留时间等参数和反应器水力特性之间的关系.结果表明,分级分相反应器的死区较小(7.51%),远低于传统单级厌氧生物反应器(50%~93%);该反应器流态处于平推流和完全混合之间;降流区、升流区面积之比最佳值为1:2,溢流板高度为450 mm时死区最小;在平均污泥浓度为25 gVSS?L?1的条件下,最佳水力停留时间为24 h.     

无穷维线性规划的对偶问题

本文对定义在局部凸线性拓扑空间上的线性规划问题,引入了双函数的概念,从而研究了原问题和对偶问题解的存在性,得出原问题与对偶问题的相互关系.     

结构动态优化的状态空间混合法

本文提出了一种新的动态优化方法——状态空间混合法。它以梯度投影法为基础将数学规划法和优化准则法结合起来,推导了迭代方程式,确定了加权矩阵和迭代步长的表达式。作者研制了这种算法的通用计算机程序,给出了计算实例结果,并以槽钢作柱、厚钢板作梁,设计制作了原始和优化框架模型,对模型进行了稳态正弦激振试验和瞬态脉冲激振试验。计算和试验表明,该算法收敛快,计算精度高,通用性好,有实用价值。     

考虑空间电荷梯度效应的静电电子回旋谐振脉塞的线性理论

本文给出了一个比较完整的关于静电电子回旋谐振脉塞的流体动力学线性理论,考虑了空间电荷梯度效应对静电电子回旋谐振脉塞不稳定性的影响.研究发现,空间电荷梯度效应主要对谐振点Ω=0附近的脉塞不稳定性产生影响.对 TE_(mn)工作模式,当 B_⊥较大时,空间电荷梯度效应对脉塞不稳定性的贡献将几乎与不考虑它存在时系统中的脉塞不稳定性相互抵消;当β_⊥较小时,空间电荷梯度效应成为系统中对脉塞不稳定性的主要贡献者.对于 TM_(mn)工作模式,研究发现,空间电荷梯度效应对系统中的脉塞不稳定性的贡献与不考虑它的存在时系统中的脉塞不稳定性,在β_″>k_″C/ω且 k_″>0时相互加强, 在β_″<β_″C/ω或β_″>k_″C/ω且 k_″<0时相互减弱.另外,在一定的工作参量条件下,空间电荷梯度效应也会成为系统中对 TM_(mn)模脉塞不稳定性的主要贡献者.最后,本文还发现,在考虑了空间电荷梯度效应后,如下的结论仍然成立:当电子注模Ω=0与冷波导模ω~2—k_″~2C~2—k_c~2C~2=0色散曲线相切时,只存在 TE_(mn)模脉塞不稳定性,而不存在 TM_(mn)模脉塞不稳定性.     

Abwasserreinigung mit Schilf in einer mobilen Wurzelraumkläranlage

A mobile root‐zone wastewater treatment system with a reaction zone consisting solely of reed roots as the growth surface for microorganisms was tested for temporary applications in the treatment of municipal wastewater. Pretreated municipal wastewater from a large‐scale wastewater treatment plant was fed to this system during the 2016 vegetation period. The outlet limit values for chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand were adhered to reliably at an inlet volumetric flow rate of 1200 L d^?1. Short‐term loading peaks of up to 1800 L d^?1 did not lead to overloading of the system.     

An online color naming experiment in Russian using Munsell color samples

Russian color naming was explored in a web‐based experiment. The purpose was 3‐fold: to examine (1) CIELAB coordinates of centroids for 12 Russian basic color terms (BCTs), including 2 Russian terms for “blue”, sinij “dark blue”, and goluboj “light blue”, and compare these with coordinates for the 11 English BCTs obtained in earlier studies; (2) frequent nonBCTs; and (3) gender differences in color naming. Native Russian speakers participated in the experiment using an unconstrained color‐naming method. Each participant named 20 colors, selected from 600 colors densely sampling the Munsell Color Solid. Color names and response times of typing onset were registered. Several deviations between centroids of the Russian and English BCTs were found. The 2 “Russian blues”, as expected, divided the BLUE area along the lightness dimension; their centroids deviated from a centroid of English blue. Further minor departures were found between centroids of Russian and English counterparts of “brown” and “red”. The Russian color inventory confirmed the linguistic refinement of the PURPLE area, with high frequencies of nonBCTs. In addition, Russian speakers revealed elaborated naming strategies and use of a rich inventory of nonBCTs. Elicitation frequencies of the 12 BCTs were comparable for both genders; however, linguistic segmentation of color space, employing a synthetic observer, revealed gender differences in naming colors, with more refined naming of the “warm” colors from females. We conclude that, along with universal perceptual factors, that govern categorical partition of color space, Russian speakers’ color naming reflects language‐specific factors, supporting the weak relativity hypothesis.     

Chromatic adaptation in a 2D photograph demonstrated by a D‐up viewer

It is said that we cannot have color constancy in a photograph. The concept of recognized visual space of illumination (RVSI) asserts that chromatic adaptation occurs when one perceives the illumination that is filling a space and not the objects in the space. It predicts then that if one perceives a 3D scene in a photograph, then color constancy will occur in the photograph. In this work, a dimension‐up (D‐up) viewer was developed to perceive a 3D scene on a 2D photograph, and the effect of chromatic adaptation was measured by the color appearance of a gray patch placed at the center of the photograph. Subjects saw the patch as a vivid color when they saw a photograph that had been taken under colored illumination, which is a normal experience in a real space observation. When the color appearance was measured by the elementary color naming method, the amount of chromaticness of the patch in percentage and the apparent hue were very similar to those observed in the 2‐room technique, thus confirming the prediction by the RVSI theory.