Renewable energy harvesting from water flow

The hydrokinetic energy of flowing water is plentiful, environment-friendly, renewable and can be harvested. This paper reports a new energy harvesting system using vortex-induced vibration (VIV). The proposed convertor harvests vibrations of a bluff body resulting from interaction of the alternating vortices created by the unsteady separation. These vortices are shed from the sides of the bluff body and form a pattern in the wake known as the von Kármán vortex street. The vortices create unsteady loading and induce vibrations with a predictable frequency and amplitude. Assisted by the bluff body with specific geometry and piezoelectric generators, the kinetic energy of the water flow can be converted into mechanical vibrations and electrical energy. In order to maximise the output energy of the harvester, the natural frequency of the mechanical system needs to lock into the frequency of the VIVs. Thus, the geometry of the bluff body has to be optimised to match the natural frequency of the convertor. This study examines the conceptual design of the physical model. The fluid–structure interaction model is applied to study the preliminary design. The maximum energy density that can be extracted by the proposed convertor from the water flow with velocities from 0.2 to 1 m/s is also estimated.Abbreviations: 1.CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics; 2.DC Direct Current (electricity); 3.FIM Fluid Induced Motion; 4.ODE Ordinary Differential Equation; 5.PTC Passive Turbulence Control; 6.VIV Vortex Induced Vibration; 7.VIVACE Vortex Induced Vibration Aquatic Clean Energy; 8.2D Two Dimensional     

便移式U形钢整形装置的设计和应用

详细介绍了U形钢整形装置的工作原理和使用特点,该装置主要用于井下巷道维修,提高了工作效率。     

Topological evolution of laminar juncture flows under different critical parameters

Horseshoe vortex topological structure has been studied extensively in the past, traditional “saddle of separation” and new “attachment saddle point” topologies found in literature both have theoretical basis and experimental and computational evidences for support. The laminar incompressible juncture flows at low Reynolds numbers especially are observed to have new topology. Studies concerning the existence of the new topology though found in literature, the topological evolution and its dependency on various critical flow parameters require further investigation. A Particle Image Velocimetry based analysis is carried out to observe the effect of aspect ratio, δ*/D and shape of the obstacle on laminar horseshoe vortex topology for small obstacles. Rise in aspect ratio evolves the topology from the traditional to new for all the cases observed. The circular cross section obstacles are found more apt to having the new topology compared to square cross sections. It is noted that the sweeping effect of the fluid above the vortex system in which horseshoe vortex is immersed plays a critical role in this evolution. Topological evolution is observed not only in the most upstream singular point region of horseshoe vortex system but also in the corner region. The corner vortex topology evolves from the traditional type to new one before the topological evolution of the most upstream singular point, resulting in a new topological pattern of the laminar juncture flows “separation-attachment combination”. The study may help extend the understanding of the three-dimensional boundary layer separation phenomenon.     

供热电厂蒸汽流量仪表的改造探讨

本文探讨了浙江浙能长兴发电有限公司蒸汽流量仪表的应用现状、存在问题及原因分析,并从两种主要流量仪表的选型比较中得到改造思路,实施后降低了热网流量损耗,提高了收益.     

Magnetization reversal in asymmetric trilayer dots: effect of the interlayer magnetostatic coupling

The spin structure and magnetization reversal in Co/insulator/Fe trilayer nanodots are investigated by micromagnetic simulations. The vortex and C-state are found and the magnetization reversal is dominated by the shape asymmetry of the dots, which is produced by cutting off a fraction of the circular dot. The vortex chirality is thus controlled by the magnetic field direction. On the other hand, the magnetostatic interaction between the top and bottom magnetic layers has interesting influence on the dot reversal process, where the magnetocrystalline anisotropy direction of the Co layer is allowed to vary within the layer plane. The combined effect of these two aspects is discussed on the base of dot coercivity, remanent magnetization, vortex nucleation and annihilation, and the bias of the Fe layer hysteresis loop. While leading to a new S-state in circle dots, the interlayer interaction facilitates the formation of C-state in asymmetric dots, which reduces the vortex nucleation field. The bias effect of all dots is decreased with the deviation of the Co layer easy axis from the field direction. Unlike the circle and semicircle dots, the field range of the vortex state in other asymmetric dots increases with the angle between the cutting direction and the Co layer anisotropy. Additionally, vortex ranges in less asymmetric dots even larger than that in the circle dots are evidenced unexpectedly. Therefore, the control of the vortex chirality and enhancement of the vortex range are found simultaneously.     

Experimental study of the relationship between separation performance and lengths of vortex finder of a novel de-foulant hydrocyclone with continuous underflow and reflux function

To solve the blockage and defer the fouling of sewage heat exchanger, a novel de-foulant hydrocyclone with continuous underflow and reflux function was proposed. Experimental results demonstrated that the novel hydrocyclone had a remarkable behavior on separating the sand (75–250 μm) and foulant (<4 mm). The continuous underflow and reflux function could significantly improve the separation efficiency by relieving the particle re-entrainment and eliminating the air core without increasing energy consumption (<17 kPa) and split ratio (<10%) considerably. Besides, the range of optimum vortex finder length was proportional to the particle density.     

Experimental investigation on flow improvement in compressor cascades

There is no general rule in the literature to help choose a correct flow control device for any given case of turbomachinery applications. This suggests individual optimization of flow control devices for each specific case. The objective of this study is to prove experimentally the benefits of passive control methods in improving the compressor performance. This allows to reduce the fuel consumption, leading to energy saving and reduction of atmospheric pollution. Two features have been controlled in this study: flow separation over the blade surfaces and the secondary flow over the cascade endwalls. Vortex generator ribs are tested on the blade suction side for flow reattachment on the blade surfaces, and low‐profile vortex generators are tested on the side walls of the compressor cascade against secondary flow losses. Different vortex generator designs are compared for total pressure recovery, flow turning, boundary layer characteristics, and pressure distributions over the endwalls. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geometric parameters and response surface methodology on cooling performance of vortex tubes

This research has investigated the effect of certain geometric parameters on cooling performance of three vortex tubes. The influencing parameters include three length/diameter ratios L/D?=?10, 25, 40, three nozzle cases and each case with number n?=?2, 4, 6 nozzles, three cold orifice/diameter ratios β?=?0.389, 0.5, 0.611 and three inlet pressures P_i?=?2, 2.5 and 3?bar. The experiments are conducted based on three factors, two-level and central composite face-centred design with full factorial. The results are analysed according to the principle of response surface methodology. The goodness of fit of the regression model is inspected using the analysis of variance and F-ratio test. The values of R² and R²-adjusted are close to 100% which show a very good correlation between the observed and predicted values. The results show that the effect of number of nozzles on the energy separation depends on the L/D values.     

不同截流程度下涡街流量计的流动特性研究

对于涡街流量计的旋涡发生体的仿真研究主要集中在形状和尺寸上,但在现场复杂工况环境的情况下,发生体的位置并不是固定不变的,会存在安装偏差。为了很好的分析发生体安装偏差带来的信号强度发生变化的问题,确定不影响信号强度的最大偏差角度,采用三角柱型发生体,在Ansys＋Workbench＋FLUENT 数值仿真软件平台环境下,根据涡街流量计的实际物理结构尺寸建立仿真模型,并对其进行网格划分、求解,将仿真得到的升、阻力频率相比较,得出阻力频率正好是升力频率的2倍,表明可以利用FLUENT软件对涡街流量计进行三维流场数值仿真。最后利用FL U EN T软件,通过改变管截面与截流面的夹角,在低、中、高速流速下,对其进行取压,将得到的信号强度和频谱分布进行比较分析,得出夹角与信号强度的关系：夹角在1°～7°范围,对信号强度的影响不大,超过7°以后影响变大。     

三角小翼V形阵列换热特性实验研究

在Re=4800~10200范围内,实验研究了矩形通道内圆管侧后方两排三角小翼V形阵列布置的强化换热特性,比较了三角小翼V形阵列布置和单排大三角小翼布置的换热差异,研究了攻角、翼高和排列间距对换热的影响。结果表明:三角小翼V形阵列的Nu数比单排大三角小翼平均增加4.9%,且随着阵列中翼片前后排间距的增加,换热呈增强趋势。对于三角小翼V形阵列和单排大三角小翼,随着小翼攻角的增加,通道换热先增加后减小,最佳攻角均为α=60°,随着小翼翼高的增加,通道换热单调增加。实验数据拟合得到了V形三角小翼阵列和单排大三角小翼的Nu数无量纲关联式,为管翅式换热器中三角小翼的布置提供了依据和参考。