基于磁通门传感器的铁磁探测系统设计

在核磁共振检查前需要进行无磁化确认,针对核磁共振检查所处的环境背景磁场复杂、干扰较多,系统出现误报警高、探测失效等问题,设计了基于磁通门传感器的铁磁探测系统。系统使用二次谐波法测量磁场信号,设计模拟电路进行信号相敏检测。通过积分反馈提高闭环系统的线性度和抗干扰性,探头工作在稳定的状态。采用卡尔曼滤波对背景磁场和磁异信号进行处理,提高信号信噪比,同时设计能量检测器对磁异信号进行检测。试验测试结果表明,系统在核磁共振室外复杂磁场环境可以减少设备工作时的误报警,有效探测出铁磁性物质。     

基于资源分配网络的小数据集并行集成学习方法

机器学习领域中,如何在小规模的训练数据集上获得一个具有稳定的高计算精度的算法模型,一直以来都是一个棘手而富有挑战的问题。从算法模型出发,提出了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的资源分配网络并行集成学习方法。该集成系统由多个带有扩展卡尔曼滤波器的资源分配网络（RANEKF）组成,并且每个RANEKF子网的输入由原始数据集中的输入经过随机权值的修正得到。通过和其他神经网络构成的集成学习算法的实验对比,发现提出的方法在小训练集上拥有更高的计算精度和稳定性。     

Stochastically resilient extended Kalman filtering for discrete-time nonlinear systems with sensor failures

Missing sensor data is a common problem, which severely influences the overall performance of modern data-intensive control and computing applications. In order to address this important issue, a novel resilient extended Kalman filter is proposed for discrete-time nonlinear stochastic systems with sensor failures and random observer gain perturbations. The failure mechanisms of multiple sensors are assumed to be independent of each other with different failure rates. The locally unbiased robust minimum mean square filter is designed for state estimation under these conditions. The performance of the proposed estimation method is verified by means of numerical Monte Carlo simulation of two different nonlinear stochastic systems, involving a sinusoidal system and a Lorenz oscillator system.     

A data porting tool for coupling models with different discretization needs

The presented work is part of a larger research program dealing with developing tools for coupling biogeochemical models in contaminated landscapes. The specific objective of this article is to provide researchers with a data porting tool to build hexagonal raster using information from a rectangular raster data (e.g. GIS format). This tool involves a computational algorithm and an open source software (written in C). The method of extending the reticulated functions defined on 2D networks is an essential key of this algorithm and can also be used for other purposes than data porting. The algorithm allows one to build the hexagonal raster with a cell size independent from the geometry of the rectangular raster. The extended function is a bi-cubic spline which can exactly reconstruct polynomials up to degree three in each variable. We validate the method by analyzing errors in some theoretical case studies followed by other studies with real terrain elevation data. We also introduce and briefly present an iterative water routing method and use it for validation on a case with concrete terrain data.     

FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF HYDRAULIC SERVO SYSTEM USING THE UNSCENTED KALMAN FILTER

Fault occurrence can be embodied by the physical parameter variations of the hydraulic servo system. Faults can, therefore, be diagnosed according to the model coefficient variations of the hydraulic servo system. This paper proposes an approach for fault diagnosis based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) with a mathematical model of the hydraulic servo system. The mathematical model is established using the dynamic equations of the hydraulic servo system. Based on the fault mechanism analysis results, several important system model parameters that can separately represent different faults in different components of the hydraulic servo system are chosen. Discrete state space equations are derived from the dynamic equations. The UKF algorithm is used to estimate the important system model parameters of the hydraulic servo system by utilizing the discretized state space model. According to the variations of these model parameters, the fault modes and locations of the hydraulic servo system can be diagnosed and isolated. Two types of faults, namely, abrupt fault in servovalve gain and slow wear fault in hydraulic cylinder piston, which cannot be directly detected from the system output, are introduced individually to the hydraulic servo system in this work. By comparing with the extended Kalman Filter, three different experimental cases are used to validate the effectiveness of the UKF for hydraulic servo system fault diagnosis.     

一种用于目标跟踪的波形自适应选择算法

提出了一种用于雷达目标跟踪的自适应广义调频波形设计算法。该算法根据跟踪器的动态需求,以广义调频信号为样板波形自适应设计下一时刻的发射波形,其目的是最小化预测的目标跟踪均方误差,并假定高信噪比条件,且目标跟踪运动模型和观测模型均为线性,利用与某一波形相对应的克拉美--罗下限（CRLB）以及卡尔曼滤波器,通过最小化预测的跟踪均方误差来实现广义调频波形的自适应设计。仿真结果表明：在信噪比相同的情况下,与使用固定参数、自适应参数的线性调频波形设计算法相比,所提出的算法能够获得更低的目标跟踪均方误差。     

A New Derivation of the Cubature Kalman Filters

This paper investigates the cubature Kalman filtering (CKF) for nonlinear dynamic systems. This third‐degree rule based filter employs a spherical‐radial cubature rule to numerically compute the integrals encountered in nonlinear filtering problems, thereby removing the requirements of explicitly computing the Jacobians. The cubature rule, however, requires computing the intractable integrals over a high‐dimensional spherical region for multidimensional applications. Moreover, the cubature formula that has been used to construct the spherical cubature formula has some demerits, most notably its inconvenient properties in computation and low estimation accuracy. Aimed at these issues, a general class of CKFs that uses only cubature rules is derived in this paper. It can be shown that the conventional CKF is a special case of the proposed algorithm. The paper also includes higher‐degree CKFs, especially two representative types of the fifth‐degree CKFs. Performance of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated via two target tracking problems. The experimental results, presented herein, illustrate the superior performance of higher‐degree CKFs to conventional nonlinear filters.     

基于非线性滤波估计的北斗B1 QPSK 信号跟踪方法

复杂环境下的多普勒频移变化及信号功率衰减均会对载波准确跟踪造成影响. 在研究北斗卫星B1 频点信号结构的基础上, 建立以环路中相关积分值为观测量的非线性EKF 模型和UKF模型, 并提出利用滤波估计状态量进行状态反馈控制的方法, 从而解决了载波跟踪环路在高动态及弱信号环境中难以高性能工作的问题. 实验结果表明,状态反馈控制的EKF 模型和UKF滤波模型能准确地跟踪弱信号及高动态下的信号变化, 从而有效控制跟踪误差, 为实现快速准确的载波跟踪奠定了基础.

     

城市环境中交通信号灯准确识别与状态估计

根据交通信号灯灯板颜色和形状定位图像中的灯板位置. 将灯板区域的彩色图像转换到YCbCr 空间, 分割灯板区域中的红、黄、绿三色区域, 利用交通信号灯的形态特性定位交通灯位置. 用Gabor 小波和2 维独立分量分析提取感兴趣区域的特征, 送入最近邻分类器分类信号灯的类型. 用代表性的观测序列建立隐马尔科夫模型, 并结合识别和跟踪结果估计信号灯状态. 实验结果表明, 该算法能可靠、准确地识别出信号灯, 并有效地估计出信号灯的状态.     

Time Deformation,Continuous Euler Processes and Forecasting

Abstract. A continuous Euler model has time‐varying coefficients. Through a logarithmic time transformation, a continuous Euler model can be transformed to a continuous autoregressive (AR) model. By using the continuous Kalman filtering through the Laplace method, this article explores the data application of a continuous Euler process. This time deformation of an Euler process deforms specific time‐variant (non‐stationary) behaviour to time‐invariant (stationary) data on the deformed time scale. With these time‐invariant data on the transformed time scale, one may use traditional tools to conduct parameter estimation and forecasts. The obtained results can then be transformed back to the original time scale. Simulated data and actual data such as bat echolocation and the US residential investment growth are used to demonstrate the usefulness of time deformation in forecasting. The results indicate that fitting a traditional autoregressive moving‐average (ARMA) model on an Euler data set without imposing time transformation leads to forecasts that are out of phase while the forecasts of an Euler model stay mostly in phase.