喷雾干燥-氢还原制备超细/纳米晶W-10Cu粉末及其烧结行为

采用喷雾干燥-氢还原法制备超细/纳米晶W-10Cu(质量分数,%)复合粉末,并经过压制和烧结制备W-Cu复合材料,系统研究烧结温度和保温时间对该材料性能和组织的影响,以及在1 100～1 300℃温度范围内的烧结激活能。结果表明,W-10Cu还原粉末晶粒度仅为30～60 nm;在1 200℃烧结时开始发生明显的致密化行为;随烧结温度升高相对密度增大,当烧结温度升高到1 300℃时W-10Cu复合材料的相对密度为90%,但当温度达到1 460℃时有所降低。1 420℃保温90 min时材料相对密度高达99.1%,且此时晶粒度仅为1.8μm。W晶粒尺寸为30～60 nm的W-10Cu复合粉末在1 100～1 300℃烧结的平均激活能为129.14 kJ/mol。烧结温度为1 420℃时W-10Cu的电导率随保温时间延长先增大后减小,保温90 min时最大达到19 MS/m,超过国标有关规定。     

The annealing behavior of Cu nanoparticles in Ar-ion implanted spinel

Magnesium aluminate spinel crystals (MgAl₂O₄ (1 1 0)) deposited with 30 nm Cu film on surface were implanted with 110 keV Ar-ions to a fluence of 1.0 × 10¹⁷ ions/cm² at 350 °C, and then annealed in vacuum condition at the temperature of 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900 °C for 1 h, respectively. Ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-VIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were adopted to analyze the specimens. After implantation, the appearance of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorbance peak in the UV-VIS spectrum indicated the formation of Cu nanoparticles, and the TEM results for 500 °C also confirmed the formation of Cu nanoparticles at near-surface region. In annealing process, The SPR absorbance intensity increased at 500 and 700 °C, decreased with a blue shift of the peak position at 600 and 800 °C, and the peak disappeared at 900 °C. The SPR absorbance intensity evolution with temperature was discussed combined with other measurement results (RBS, SEM and TEM).     

高精度XRF技术在新疆某铜镍矿的应用

介绍了新一代XRF2000-D高精度XRF快速分析仪在新疆某铜镍矿的应用效果及其工作条件、误差校正方法和仪器标定方法。该仪器在新疆某铜镍矿选矿厂用于分析选矿产品的Cu含量和Ni含量,分析时间只需200～400s,且分析结果与化学分析结果吻合良好。     

Fabrication of bimetallic Cu/Pt nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode and its catalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction

The film of poly(8-hydroxyquinoline) was formed by cyclic voltammetery method on the surface of glassy carbon electrode and poly(8-hydroxyquinoline) modified glassy carbon electrode, p(8-HQ)MGCE, was prepared. Cu²⁺ ion was adsorbed on the polymer matrix due to complexation with 8-hydroxyquinoline units Copper nanoparticles were deposited onto p(8-HQ)MGCE by applying potential and prepared copper nanoparticles galvanic replaced with platinum to fabricate poly(8-hydroxyquinoline)–Pt/Cu composite on the surface of GCE. Stripping voltammetery of Cu in aqueous 0.1 M KSCN + Britton–Robinson buffer, pH = 2.0, solution was used to quantify the copper present on the electrode surface. The amount of platinum was estimated from the electrooxidation peak of Pt in aqueous 0.1 M H₂SO₄ solution. The nature of Cu/Pt–p(8-HQ) on the surface of GCE was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Cu/Pt–p(8-HQ) modified GCE can be used as a convenient conducting substrate for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The effects of different parameters such as number of cycles, replacement time, scan rate of potential, and etc were investigated to obtaining optimum condition for HER.     

Photocatalytic hydrogen generation in the presence of glucose over ZnS-coated ZnIn2S4 under visible light irradiation

ZnS coated ZnIn₂S₄ (ZnS–ZnIn₂S₄) photocatalysts were prepared in methanol by a facile solvothermal process. The photocatalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis diffusive reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), BET, and electrochemistry measurements. ZnS–ZnIn₂S₄ photocatalysts have hexagonal crystal phase and complex morphology such as micro-spheres, micro-tubes and micro-ribbons. Using glucose as an electron donor, photocatalytic hydrogen generation over Pt/ZnS–ZnIn₂S₄ was investigated. The results show that photoactivity of hydrogen generation over Pt/ZnS–ZnIn₂S₄ was improved notably with simultaneous degradation of glucose. The factors which affect photocatalytic hydrogen generation, such as composition of ZnS-ZnIn₂S₄, initial concentration of glucose and concentration of NaOH, were investigated. The prepared ZnS–ZnIn₂S₄ photocatalysts exhibit better activity for hydrogen generation than pure ZnIn₂S₄, which may be attributed to enhancement of the adsorption of glucose by ZnS on the ZnIn₂S₄ surface. The effect of glucose concentration on the hydrogen generation rate is consistent with a Langmuir model. The basic condition is favorable for the photocatalytic hydrogen generation. A large number of ·OH radicals generated in ZnS–ZnIn₂S₄ system, have been tested by a TA-FL (terephthalic acid-fluorescence) method. A possible mechanism was discussed.     

Cu/Ti3SiC2体系润湿性及润湿过程的研究

采用座滴法研究了温度及Ti₃SiC₂的两个组成元素Si和Ti对Cu/Ti₃SiC₂体系润湿性的影响。结果表明, Cu与Ti₃SiC₂之间有良好的润湿性, 且润湿过程属于反应性润湿。随着温度的升高, Cu与Ti₃SiC₂间的反应区扩大, 反应层深度增加, 润湿角减小, 温度超过1250℃后反应明显加快, 至1270℃时润湿角降至15.1°。物相分析与微观结构研究表明, Cu/Ti₃SiC₂界面区域发生了化学反应, 反应产物主要为TiC_x和Cu_xSi_y, 同时发生元素的互扩散, 形成反应中间层, 改变体系的界面结构, 促进了Cu和Ti₃SiC₂基体的界面结合, 从而改善了体系的润湿性。在Cu中添加Si抑制了Ti₃SiC₂的分解, 而添加Ti阻碍了Cu向Ti₃SiC₂的渗入, 均不利于Cu/Ti₃SiC₂体系润湿性的改善。     

负载有立方相p-型半导体Cu1.8S颗粒的TiO2纳米带制备与表征

采用Cu₂O自牺牲模板法, 以负载有立方相p-型半导体Cu₂O颗粒的TiO₂纳米带作为前驱物, 在水热条件下与硫脲进行反应, 制得了负载有立方相p-型半导体Cu_1.8S颗粒的TiO₂纳米带. 测试结果表明, 反应温度、反应时间和硫脲浓度对Cu_1.8S纯度和形貌皆有影响. 若反应在较低温度(如120℃)进行, 即使反应时间达到25 h, 产物中除了生成Cu_1.8S还存在未反应Cu₂O; 若水热温度控制在160℃反应25 h, 当硫脲浓度为0.25 mol/L时, 负载物基本上是Cu_1.8S且分散较好, 当硫脲浓度升到0.5 mol/L时, 负载物团聚严重. 对罗丹明B的光催化降解活性测试结果表明, 与纯TiO₂纳米带相比, 在负载有Cu₂O或Cu_1.8S后光催化活性显著降低.     

鲷鱼鳞多肽-木糖美拉德反应产物的制备、结构与功能

探索反应时间、木糖（xylose,Xyl）与鲷鱼鳞多肽（fish scale peptides,FSP）质量比、Xyl与FSP总质量浓度、初始pH值和反应温度对Xyl与FSP美拉德反应的影响,并对在Xyl与FSP质量比1.3∶1、Xyl与FSP总质量浓度78?mg/mL、初始pH?11.85、反应温度100?℃、反应时间4.05?h工艺条件下所得产物进行表征。荧光光谱、红外光谱、游离氨基含量以及N-三（羟甲基）甲基甘氨酸-十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳过碘酸Schiff碱染色等结构分析,表明FSP与Xyl经美拉德反应后发生共价交联,肽链结构发生变化且形成了新的化合物;1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基、2,2’-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐自由基、羟自由基以及还原力测定表明,FSP经美拉德反应后抗氧化活性显著增加（P＜0.05）;多酚氧化酶活性测定及苹果褐变实验表明,鲷鱼鳞多肽美拉德反应产物（FSP-MRPs）具有多酚氧化酶抑制活性,其IC50值为0.54?mg/mL,其可能机理为FSP-MRPs具有Cu2＋螯合特性,其螯合位点与抗氧化基团密切相关。     

AuCu alloys deposited on titanium dioxide nanosheets for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

This work first reports AuCu alloys deposited on the surface of TiO₂ nanosheets (TiNs) to form heterojunction. A simple deposition-precipitation method was used to construct a new type of AuCu/TiNs heterostructures through gradually depositing Au and Cu nanoparticles on TiNs. Such structures served the dual advantage of constructing a heterostructure which can improve visible light absorption, and the formation of a Schottky barrier between AuCu alloys (lower Fermi level) and TiNs (higher Fermi level) which can suppress the recombination of photo-generated charge carriers to improve the overall photocatalytic activity. The mass ratio of Au and Cu in the AuCu/TiNs heterostructures and the sequence and method of their deposition are found to be the important factors which affect the photocatalytic performance. When the mass ratio of Au to Cu was determined to be 1: 1, the AuCu/TiNs heterostructure exhibited the best photocatalytic performance for hydrogen production from water splitting (over 9 times than TiNs, 1.47 times than Au/TiNs, and 1.75 times than Cu/TiNs).