乳蛋白生物活性肽的研究概述

对源于乳蛋白的生物活性肽作一介绍,主要包括：阿片样肽,降血压肽,抗血栓肽及免疫促进肽等。这些活性肽的发现为今后进一步利用乳蛋白资源,生产功能食品基料或药品提供了一条新的途径。     

不同稳定剂对活性乳酸菌饮料的稳定性研究

在对卡拉胶、CMC(羧甲基纤维素)、瓜尔豆胶3种稳定剂单体影响活性乳酸菌饮料稳定性单因素试验基础上采用Box-Behnken设计进行稳定剂的复配。试验结果表明,卡拉胶、CMC、瓜尔豆胶3种稳定剂在控制酸乳饮稳定性的单一临界添加量分别为0.12%、0.25%、0.25%(质量分数,下同);复配时最佳添加量分别为0.054 5%、0.050 3%、0.056 2%,总的添加量为0.161%,此时活性乳酸菌饮料的离心率得最小值为3.51%。     

Characterization of a multilayer film activated with Lactobacillus curvatus CRL705 bacteriocins

BACKGROUND: Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria offer enormous promise for food safety preservation. In this study an active multilayer film obtained by the incorporation of lactocin 705 and lactocin AL705, two bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus curvatus CRL705 with antimicrobial activity against Lactobacillus plantarum CRL691 and Listeria innocua 7, respectively, was characterized for its potential application in active packaging technology. Film activity performance at different storage conditions, bacteriocins transfer into water and sunflower oil, and film surface properties were evaluated. RESULTS: Film activity against L. innocua 7 was maintained during 2, 4 and 6 weeks at 30, 10 and 5 °C respectively. At 30 and 10 °C, activity loss against L. plantarum CRL691 was observed on the second week of storage and after the fourth week at 5 °C. Results showed no significant difference for active multilayer film contact angle and seal properties compared to the control (without bacteriocins). A decrease in lactocin 705 inhibitory activity after sunflower oil contact was observed, while lactocin AL705 remained unaffected. After water contact, film activity was retained for both bacteriocins. CONCLUSIONS: As demonstrated by antimicrobial activity and physico‐mechanical properties retention, lactocin 705 and AL705 active multilayer film present potential for application in active packaging technology. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

发酵工艺对蓝靛果酒功能性及香气成分的影响

以蓝靛果为原料,研究鲜汁发酵、熟汁发酵与去渣发酵3 种发酵工艺在发酵过程中对蓝靛果酒乙醇体积分数、活性成分、体外抗氧化活性及香气成分的影响。结果表明,3 种发酵酒乙醇体积分数均先上升后趋于稳定,发酵结束后熟汁发酵蓝靛果酒乙醇体积分数最高,为（12.29±0.08）%;熟汁发酵酒中花青素与总酚质量浓度最高（（830.17±8.65）mg/L和（2.41±0.03）g/L）,表现出较强的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力（（14.25±0.14）mmol/L和（8.93±1.37）mmol/L）。鲜汁发酵酒中黄酮质量浓度最高（（470.50±6.15）mg/L）,表现出较强的羟自由基清除能力（（40.43±3.33）mmol/L）;且不同发酵工艺对蓝靛果酒香气成分影响较大,鲜汁和熟汁发酵酒的主体香气均以酯类为主,相对含量分别为60.23%和85.31%;去渣发酵酒以萜烯类和酯类为主体香气,相对含量分别为11.50%和61.96%。经熟汁发酵的蓝靛果酒醇类和酸类物质含量降低,酯类物质含量显著升高,改变了蓝靛果酒香气结构,加速蓝靛果酒的成熟,且产生了月桂酸异戊酯、肉豆蔻酸乙酯、己酸异戊酯等独特呈香物质。熟汁发酵不仅有利于蓝靛果酒功能性成分含量和体外抗氧化能力的提高,还能赋予蓝靛果酒更加浓郁的果香,有利于蓝靛果酒综合品质的提高。     

桔梗多糖活性炭脱色工艺研究

研究桔梗多糖的活性炭脱色工艺。以脱色率和多糖保留率为指标,在单因素的基础上,采用正交试验对活性炭脱色工艺进行优化。结果表明,活性炭脱色的最佳条件为:在60℃下,调节pH为6.0,加入体积分数为0.5%的活性炭,脱色20 min,脱色率为80.47%,多糖保留率为83.51%。该脱色工艺对桔梗多糖可获得较高的脱色率和多糖保留率。     

分步酶解酪蛋白制备小分子ACE抑制肽

通过模拟胃肠道消化,采用单酶和复合酶分步水解酪蛋白获得小分子的血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE)抑制肽。首先通过胃蛋白酶水解条件的优化获得具有高ACE抑制活性肽。然后以此为底物通过胰蛋白酶和胰凝乳蛋白复合酶水解条件优化获得具有高ACE抑制活性的小分子肽。结果表明：第一步的胃蛋白酶水解最优条件为：[E]/[S]=6%、[S]=0.015g/mL、pH=1.8、t=37℃、t=2h,水解产物稀释10倍后ACE抑制率为84.5%,分子质量集中在2000D以下;第二步的复合酶水解最优条件为：m胰蛋白酶(6%):m胰凝乳蛋白酶(3%)=2:1、pH=7.8、t=48℃、t=5h,水解产物稀释10倍后ACE抑制率为85.9%,分子质量集中在500D以下。研究表明,通过分步酶解选择合适的酶解条件可以获具有较高ACE抑制活性的小分子肽。     

白酒丢糟制备活性炭的初步研究

利用丢糟,经碱处理后,用氯化锌活化生产活性炭。考察了料液比、ZnCl2浓度、活化时间、活化温度对活性炭吸附效果的影响。通过正交实验,综合考虑了活性炭的吸附效果和产量,确定了较好的质量和产量的生产条件。     

复肝肽口服液对大鼠四氯化碳慢性肝损伤的保护作用

目的观察复肝肽口服液(主要成分为新生牛肝活性肽)对大鼠四氯化碳(CCl4)慢性肝损伤的保护作用。方法制备大鼠CCl4慢性肝损伤模型,观察复肝肽口服液对慢性肝损伤大鼠红、白细胞数、血色素、血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、白球蛋白比例(A/G)的影响。结果与模型对照组比较,复肝肽3个剂量组大鼠的A/G值均明显升高,肝组织病变明显减轻,高剂量组ALT、AST明显降低。结论复肝肽口服液对慢性肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

复极性三维电极反应器处理焦化废水主要影响因素研究

以经吸附处理的活性炭-涂膜活性炭为填充粒子,对复极性流化床三维电极反应器处理焦化废水进行了静态条件试验研究。主要探讨了通气量、电解时间、涂膜活性炭比、槽电压对COD去除率的影响。结果表明,通气量为1．5L／min,通电时间为60min,涂膜活性炭比为45％,槽电压为6V时,COD去除率最高,达87％。废水主要成分也发生了较大变化。     

Quantitative and temporal analysis of effects of twospotted spider mite (acari: Tetranychidae) female sex pheromone on male guarding behavior

Responses of male twospotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae (Koch), to female sex pheromone were described by a glass slide bioassay and computerized pathway digitizer. Pheromone was extracted from quiescent deutonymphs and fractionated by HPLC, and responses of guarding males to each fraction, all fractions combined, unfractionated extract, and a hexane control were bioassayed for 6 min. Mean angular velocities, linear velocities, percent time stationary, and distance from the 3-mm-diameter treatment circle were calculated for each mite at 20-sec intervals and these behavioral parameters regressed on time. Analysis of variance of regression-equation intercepts showed that no differences in initial male angular velocities were observed among treatments, but initial linear velocities were greater in response to all fractions combined and to extract than to individual fractions, and greater in response to individual fractions than to the control. Angular velocities decreased and linear velocities increased more rapidly in response to individual fractions than to all fractions combined and extract, while males turned preferentially in one direction and were stationary (no displacement) more often in response to all-fraction combinations than to individual fractions and the control. Significant differences were observed among the parameter values elicited by individual fractions, suggesting that active fractions differed qualitatively. The described changes in movement parameters show that maleT. urticae response to presence of pheromone occurs almost immediately, and that multiple pheromonal components are necessary to elicit maximum male response. The overall effect of pheromonal components was to decrease the rate at which males moved away from the treatment cycle, thereby causing male arrestment.