AgBiVMo oxide catalytic membrane for selective oxidation of propane to acrolein

A metal ions (Ag, Bi, V, Mo) modified sol–gel method was used to prepare a mesoporous Ag_0.01Bi_0.85V_0.54Mo_0.45O₄ catalytic membrane which was used in the selective oxidation of propane to acrolein. By optimizing the preparation parameters, a thin and perfect catalytically active membrane was successfully prepared. SEM results showed that the membrane thickness is 5 μm. XRD results revealed that Ag_0.01Bi_0.85V_0.54Mo_0.45O₄ with a Scheelite structure, which is catalytically active for the selective oxidation of propane to acrolein, was formed in the catalytic membrane only when AgBiVMoO concentrations were higher than 40%. Catalytic reaction results demonstrated that the selective oxidation of propane could be controlled to a certain degree, such as to acrolein, in the catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) compared to the fixed bed reactor (FBR). For example, a selectivity of 54.85% for acrolein in the liquid phase was obtained in the CMR, while only 8.31% was achieved in the FBR.     

氯乙烯生产先进工艺简介

针对国内氯乙烯生产工艺存在的主要问题，分析了与国外先进工艺的主要差距，介绍了引进的国外先进工艺的基本情况。     

管式气体分散式反应器制备纳米碳酸钙

以石灰石为原料，利用管式气体分散式反应器新工艺制备出了粒径30～70nm的碳酸钙粉体。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、粒度分布仪及红外光谱仪（Fr-IR）等测试手段，对产品的物相、形貌和粒度分布进行了表征。X射线衍射表明产物为六方晶系方解石型碳酸钙并且产品结晶性能良好；扫描电镜及粒度分析表明粒度大小均匀、分散性良好；红外光谱表明改性后硬脂酸钠已吸附在碳酸钙表面，碳酸钙颗粒基本呈单分散状态。管式气体分散式反应器制备纳米碳酸钙粉体的优点是工艺简单，操作容易，原料易得，生产的产品粒径小，粒度分布窄，易于工业化生产。     

浅谈《建设工程施工合同》中的合同价确定方式的区别与应用

作为《建设工程施工合同》订立的核心内容,如果合同造价确定得合理,就会对施工过程中的变更以及工程竣工后的结算提供便利。在目前以发包商（项目开发商）占主导地位的建筑领域,对如何才能找到一条相对合理的方法来确定最终的合同总造价,哪种造价才是相对公平、合理而又不失灵活性等内容进行了探讨。     

气升式环流反应器强制振荡周期对传质影响的研究

在同一反应器中比较了不同振荡周期下的气液传质特性,为最优强制振荡周期的确定提供了实验依据和分析基础。选择体积传质系数及气含率作为传质研究的主要评价指标,实验结果表明,动态操作下的传质效果明显优于稳态,而不同振荡周期传质效果也大不一样。在0.8~2.4m3h-1的气速范围内,由静压力、导流管顶部截面流体速度、全床气含率(及传质系数)周期性变化所确定的振荡周期TP、TV、TK比稳态操作下的全床平均传质系数分别提高了3.92%~27.3%,2.35%~24.5%,28.2%~43.3%。由反应器内全床平均气含率或传质系数确定的振荡周期TK是最佳振荡周期。     

己内酰胺生产的绿色化

己内酰胺生产的绿色化关键是环己酮肟贝克曼重排工艺路线替代的开发。重点介绍了代替浓硫酸催化该反应的固体酸催化剂、催化剂的失活与再生、反应器工业化的方法的进展。提出采用多相催化剂取代发烟硫酸使环己酮肟转化为己内酰胺的工艺 ,该催化剂具有转化率和选择性高 ,易处理再生 ,且可用于连续化工业生产     

Deactivation of metal catalysts in liquid phase organic reactions

The paper gives a general survey of the factors contributing to the deactivation of metal catalysts employed in liquid phase reactions for the synthesis of fine or intermediate chemicals. The main causes of catalyst deactivation are particle sintering, metal and support leaching, deposition of inactive metal layers or polymeric species, and poisoning by strongly adsorbed species. Weakly adsorbed species, poisons at low surface coverage and solvents, may act as selectivity promoters or modifiers. Three examples of long term stability studies carried out in trickle-bed reactor (glucose to sorbitol hydrogenation on Ru/C catalysts, hydroxypropanal to 1,3-propanediol hydrogenation on Ru/TiO₂ catalysts, and wet air oxidation of paper pulp effluents on Ru/TiO₂) are discussed.     

Carbon materials and catalytic wet air oxidation of organic pollutants in wastewater

The use of carbon materials as catalytic support or direct catalyst in catalytic wet air oxidation (WAO) of organic pollutants is reviewed. The discussion covers important engineering aspects including the characterisation, activity and stability of carbon catalysts, process performance, reaction kinetics and reactor modelling. Recommendations for further research in catalytic WAO are outlined.     

Chemical Reaction Engineering and Research and development of gas solid systems

A general procedure is proposed for innovative research and development of gas-solid reactor systems, with a brief explanation of the significance of each step in the procedureBased upon the contacting mode between gas and solid phases, as well as the ways of supplying thermal energy to the reacting regions, various types of gas-solid reactor systems are classified by using tables of so called “matrix” form, for thermal cracking and gasification of heavy oils, gasification of coal, gasification of solid waste, calcination of limestone, clinkering of cement and reduction of iron ore.The importance of fundamental concepts is emphasized for successful research and development by presenting several examples; namely, calcination of limestone, thermal cracking of heavy oils and gasification of solid waste materials.In connection with the direction in which fundamental research should be oriented, four primary ways of thinking are proposed, which can be applied to obtain innovative ideas for further research and development in this field.One example of the author's practical experience was selected to show the role of the fundamental research in the course of large scale development. Finally the author outlines the role of chemical reaction engineering to innovate the novel gas-solid reactor systems which may be inevitable for simultaneous solution of the three big E's; namely, Energy, Environment and Economy.     

现场总线技术在非能动压水堆核岛中的应用

本文结合非能动压水堆核电控制系统结构,详细介绍Profibus现场总线和Modbus现场总线在非能动压水堆核电控制系统中的应用,包括两种现场总线技术的结构配置及和现场智能仪控设备的连接,并简要分析现场总线技术在核电行业应用的优点和需克服的技术问题。