自动气象站数据处理系统设计

针对在气象业务中对地面观测资料的统计和应用问题,利用Visual Basic和SQL Server 2000开发了自动气象站数据处理系统。系统可从自动气象站的观测资料中按照固定时间自动地提取数据,并把数据录入数据库。用户可利用数据库查询实时或者历史的相关气象数据,并实现气温、露点温度、相对湿度、气压、风向、风速、降水量等气象要素的统计功能。     

C#+Surfer11实现浙江省市县各级区域气象要素绘图

利用Surfer11提供的ActiveX接口,通过C#.net二次开发,实现浙江省范围内县、市及全省自动气象站数据的一些统计分析和绘图功能,达到各级气象部门在气象业务和科研工作中不定时、分区域、快速高效绘图的需求。同时,通过研究Surfer的白化文件规范,发现一种快速制作沿海多岛屿地区单一白化文件的方法,在白化效率和效果上与连贯地区相同,对沿海地区和非连贯地区的白化文件制作有一定的参考价值。对解决类似浙江省多海岛地区的Surfer绘图白化有较大的帮助。     

国家级自动气象站分钟数据远程监控设计及实现

设计了基于NET技术的分钟资料传输和远程监控软件;阐述了分钟数据资料远程监控软件的总体设计和关键技术及功能实现方法。     

耐候材料户外曝晒试验方法研究及试验场设计

系统归纳总结了耐候材料曝晒试验方法,介绍了曝晒试验的原理及重要试验因素,对全球主要曝晒试验场进行了概述,提出了曝晒试验场的建设方案,最后总结了建设曝晒试验场及开展曝晒试验的必要性。     

基于Attention-GRU风速修正和Stacking的短期风电功率预测

针对使用数值天气预报（NWP）数据进行风电功率预测时,NWP风速与实际风速存在偏差导致预测精度欠佳,提出一种基于注意力机制（Attenion）门控逻辑单元（GRU）数值天气预报风速修正和Stacking多算法融合的短期风电功率预测模型。首先,分析NWP预报风速和实际风速的皮尔逊相关系数,建立Attention-GRU风速修正模型,提高预报风速精度。其次,考虑风向、温度、湿度、气压、空气密度等气象因素,基于Stacking框架,提出融合XGBoost、LSTM、SVR、LASSO的多算法风电功率预测模型,同时采用网格搜索与交叉验证优化模型参数。最后,选取西北和东北两个典型风电场数据进行验证,算例结果表明,所提出模型能改善NWP风速精度并提升风电功率预测效果。     

A Comparison of Four Precipitation Distribution Models Used in Daily Stochastic Models

Stochastic weather generators are statistical models that produce random numbers that resemble the observed weather data on which they have been fitted; they are widely used in meteorological and hydrological simulations.For modeling daily precipitation in weather generators,first-order Markov chain-dependent exponential,gamma,mixed-exponential,and lognormal distributions can be used.To examine the performance of these four distributions for precipitation simulation,they were fitted to observed data collected at 10 stations in the watershed of Yishu River.The parameters of these models were estimated using a maximum-likelihood technique performed using genetic algorithms.Parameters for each calendar month and the Fourier series describing parameters for the whole year were estimated separately.Bayesian information criterion,simulated monthly mean,maximum daily value,and variance were tested and compared to evaluate the fitness and performance of these models.The results indicate that the lognormal and mixed-exponential distributions give smaller BICs,but their stochastic simulations have overestimation and underestimation respectively,while the gamma and exponential distributions give larger BICs,but their stochastic simulations produced monthly mean precipitation very well.When these distributions were fitted using Fourier series,they all underestimated the above statistics for the months of June,July and August.     

深埋长输水隧洞TBM卡机事故分析及处理措施

引红济石隧洞工程中采用双护盾TBM掘进，因遭遇断层、岩体破碎带、软弱围岩共同作用造成多次、重复卡机事故。从卡机处岩性、地质构造、地下水、隧道开挖与软弱围岩挤压变形等方面，系统分析了卡机原因；并针对卡机事故的一般规律，提出了两套卡机脱困的解决方案。工程实践表明，所提方案不仅可较理想地解决卡机事故，同时还可为TBM在围岩坍塌地段的施工提供宝贵经验。     

免疫检查点抑制剂相关甲状腺毒症

免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs)是近年来恶性肿瘤治疗领域的一项重大突破。其通过针对T细胞的调节作用,增强抗肿瘤免疫反应,改善恶性肿瘤患者的预后,延长患者生存期,现已获批用于治疗多种肿瘤,但ICIs在应用过程中产生的甲状腺毒症是不容忽视的临床问题。本文对ICIs相关甲状腺毒症的发生机制、临床表现、处理对策等进行综述。     

武钢铁路车辆用耐候钢的开发

介绍了武钢生产的铁路车辆用耐候钢的特点，分析稀土对Cu—P系列耐候钢的作用机理，并介绍武钢正在开发的耐候钢新钢种。     

Simulated weather variables effects on millet fertilized with phosphate rock in the Sahel

The Sudano–Sahelian agroecological zone is characterized by low and variable rainfall regimes and P deficiency. The present study complements previous research efforts and the objective was (i) to use the Newhall Simulation Model (NSM) to characterize three ICRISAT research sites, and (ii) to use output of NSM to develop an empirical model to guide efficient use of rainfall and fertilizers. The results show that length of the periods that rainfall exceeded evapotranspiration was larger in Bengou than in Gobery and Sadoré. Total positive moisture balance during the three growing seasons was 85.7 mm at Bengou and 19.7 mm at Sadoré. The model explained 52% of the variability in millet yields based on curvilinear response to P fertilizer, standardized May–June (R_mj) rainfall, and the number of wet days in the year (BW₃). Yields appear more sensitive to BW₃ than to R_mj. Their respective elasticity coefficients (E _c ) were 0.62 and 0.09. Assessment of the model using R²=0.76 and the D-index = 0.85 showed reasonable agreement between model estimation and actual field yields. The study demonstrates the application of simulation models as a cost-effective means in terms of time and funds to agronomic research.