新一代天气雷达开关及触发器组件快速检修系统设计

针对新一代天气雷达发射机开关和触发器组件故障频发,维修时效长,难度大等特点,提出了一种能够快速、便捷、高效、安全的新一代天气雷达开关和触发器组件关键芯片自动快速检测系统设计方案。该自动检测系统采用了机外脱机测试方法从而保证了雷达设备和人身的安全。该自动检测系统采用了发光二极管指示灯输出测试结果的自动快速测试方式,保证了雷达修复的较短时效。该自动检测系统直接测试雷达开关和触发器组件内部电路板常用关键芯片,而不是更换整个笨重的分机组件备件,从而使得维修新一代天气雷达故障变得便捷高效。新一代天气雷达开关和触发器快速检修系统研制完成后在多个台站得到了试用,试用实例结果表明其效果良好,可以给全国其他新一代天气雷达站快速维修新一代天气雷达提供借鉴和参考。     

基于语音识别的人影37高炮用弹量计数的研究

长期以来人工影响天气作业用37高炮用弹量计数采用的是人工纪录上报的方式,这种统计方式较为繁琐和落后。特别是近年来河南省人影作业期逐年增长、用弹量逐渐增大,这对高炮用弹量信息采集准确性和时效性的要求越来越高。随着声学技术的发展,语音识别算法不断改进,识别准确度越来越高,应用的行业也越来越多。同时,气象行业信息化水平也不断提高,能够自动采集高炮作业信息的声级采集仪研发成功,使得自动采集并传输作业信息成为可能。将传统的声级采集仪结合先进的语音识别算法,能够克服环境噪音,提高声级采集仪的准确性,这为实现自动采集人影作业高炮信息提供了新的方案。     

基于卫星遥感数据的恶劣气象监测预警系统设计

针对传统恶劣气象监测预警系统的检测准确率低、预警时效性较差的问题,提出基于卫星遥感数据的恶劣气象监测预警系统。利用GDAL软件自带的读写功能,处理已读取的遥感影像基本信息,再根据辐射定标与亮温计算数值,完成卫星遥感影像的预处理模块设计。连接插件模块的逻辑结构,利用待集成的平台插件,控制下级遥感信息显示与预警模块,实现恶劣气象监测预警系统的设计与应用。按照系统多线程的同步与通信关系,完成遥感数据的云识别处理,实现卫星遥感程序与恶劣气象监测预警模块之间的实时交互。选取风向指标作为实验对象,分析对比实验数据可知,在不同风向条件下,卫星遥感型监测系统所检测出的风向指标均呈现显著性状态,能够及时响应系统主机的预警指令。     

特殊天气条件下的目标检测方法综述

在深度学习的推动下,目标检测方法在近些年取得了很大的进展。但在特殊天气条件下,如在常见的雾霾、沙尘、雨天、雪天等天气条件下拍摄到的图像会退化模糊,难以提取有效特征,从而对后期的目标检测带来巨大的困难。对近年来国内外学者在特殊天气下目标检测的研究进行了总结归纳,从相关数据集的建立和用途、面向特殊天气条件下的图像恢复算法研究及其对目标检测任务的影响、迁移学习中的领域自适应方法在目标检测的应用三个方面进行分析。对相关方法的实验结果进行综合比较,并提出今后的研究重点。     

Towards safe and collaborative aerodrome operations: Assessing shared situational awareness for adverse weather detection with EEG-enabled Bayesian neural networks

Teams formulated by aviation professionals are essential in maintaining a safe and efficient aerodrome environment. Nonetheless, the shared situational awareness between the flight crews under adverse weather conditions might be impaired. This research aims to evaluate the impact of a proposed enhancement in communication protocol on cognitive workload and develop a human-centred classification model to identify hazardous meteorological conditions. Thirty groups of subjects completed four post-landing taxiing tasks under two visibility conditions (CAVOK/CAT IIIA) while two different communication protocols (presence/absence of turning direction information) were adopted by the air traffic control officer (ATCOs). Electroencephalography (EEG) and the NASA Task Load Index were respectively used to reflect the pilot’s mental state and to evaluate the pilot’s mental workload subjectively. Results indicated that impaired visibility increases the subjective workload significantly, while the inclusion of turning direction information in the ATCO’s instruction would not significantly intensify their cognitive workload. Mutual information was used to quantitatively assess the shared situational awareness between the pilot flying and the pilot monitoring. Finally, this research proposes a human-centred approach to identify potentially hazardous weather conditions from EEG power spectral densities with Bayesian neural networks (BNN). The classification model has outperformed other baseline algorithms with an accuracy of 66.5%, an F1 score of 61.4%, and an area under the ROC of 0.749. Using the concept of explainable AI with Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) values, the exploration of latent mental patterns formulates novel knowledge to gain insights into the vital physiological indicators of the pilots in response to different scenarios from the BNN model. In the long term, the model facilitates the decision regarding the necessity of providing automation and decision-making aids to pilots.     

几种产业化太阳能电池板的户外实际发电性能比较

随着传统化石能源的日益消耗,各种可再生能源技术备受关注,其中,可直接将太阳能转换为电能的太阳能电池技术已成为新能源领域的主要研究方向之一。文章介绍了一种可连续测量多个太阳能电池板户外发电性能的测试设备,实际测量了目前市场上主流的太阳能电池板在不同天气条件下的发电性能,包括多晶硅、单晶硅、非晶硅、铜铟镓硒等电池,比较了单位面积和单位标称发电功率的实际发电性能,并对各种电池实际发电性能和特点进行了总结分析。     

陶瓷原材料市场绿色采购的信号传递博弈研究

陶瓷原材料市场由于信息不对称,容易造成绿色原材料供应商的逆向选择,导致陶瓷原材料绿色采购市场帕累托最优交易不能实现。从分析陶瓷原材料绿色采购逆向选择成因入手,通过建立绿色采购供需双方的信号传递博弈模型,具体分析了三种贝叶斯精炼均衡成立的条件,并且为供需双方行为提出建议,以便提高绿色采购市场交易效率。     

基于双维度顺序填补框架与改进Kohonen天气聚类的光伏发电短期预测

为提高部分数据缺失情况下智能电网光伏发电功率预测精度,提出一种基于双维度顺序填补框架与改进Kohonen天气聚类的光伏发电功率预测模型。采用双维度顺序填补方法补齐缺失数据,基于完整数据分析光伏发电功率影响因素,建立改进Kohonen天气聚类模型,并利用S-Kohonen实现预测日天气类型识别,将聚类历史日数据与预测日气象数据作为输入,采用多种群果蝇优化广义回归神经网络(MFOA-GRNN)模型对预测日光伏发电功率进行预测。仿真结果表明,所提方法能有效提高预测精度,为实现数据缺失情况下智能电网光伏发电功率的精准预测提供了一种思路。     

准双机冗余的机场天气雷达伺服系统

针对机场天气雷达连续探测工况下的高可靠性和低成本要求,提出了一种基于协同工作机制的准双机冗余雷达伺服系统。该系统由2套以ARM控制器和伺服驱动器为核心的伺服分机、1套以现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)和继电器开关为核心的冗余切换控制系统以及1套对应天线座运动的双轴执行机构组成。伺服分机之间通以实时通信方式进行数据传递,并由切换分机根据设定的切换流程使相应的伺服分机投入工作。文中分析研究了其系统组成、硬件架构和软件切换流程,并进一步对系统的可靠性指标进行了计算和论证,最终通过实际机场天气雷达系统的测试验证了所述准双机冗余系统的有效性。     

Monetization methods for evaluating investments in electricity system resilience to extreme weather and climate change

Extreme weather events and associated damages have been increasing and these trends are expected to continue. Actions are being taken to enhance electricity system resilience. However, the justification for capital investments on resilience requires utilities to justify that the economic benefits outweigh the costs. This paper reviews the types of resilience measures being analyzed in cost-benefit analyses and addresses opportunities for improvement in characterizing the benefits for investments that enhance the resilience of electricity systems.