南海海域海表面温度对低空大气波导数值模拟的影响研究

为了研究海表面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)对低空大气波导数值模拟的影响,针对南海海域基于天气研究与预报(weather research and forecasting,WRF)模式开展了不同SST对低空大气波导数值模拟的影响研究.结果表明:精确的SST对低空大气波导数值模拟影响最大,...     

新型自动气象站的分析与对比

简述了新型自动气象站的系统新技术、系统结构和技术指标,介绍了DZZ6型自动气象站的系统组成和采集器的特点,对DZZ6型自动气象站的技术性能进行了分析,并对新一代DZZ6型与DZZ2型自动气象站在采集器、技术指标等方面作了分析与对比。指出新型自动气象站值得推广。     

气象气球用电缆的工艺设计

针对气象气球收放的特点,电缆应具有优良的曲绕性能、拉力性能,并能在雷电天气时传输较大的对地电流。介绍了该电缆设计时的关键点。     

计及气象时空分布影响的短期负荷预测方法

短期负荷受气象变化影响明显,进行预测时需要考虑气象信息的时空分布特征。分析了气象时空分布特征对负荷产生的影响,采用相关性分析方法筛选出与负荷相关性较强的气象要素,并分析了负荷受降雨影响在时间维度上的滞后特性。研究了计及气象时空分布特性的相似日法、人工神经元网络法、决策树法等预测方法。     

Under temperate weather conditions,dairy goats use an outdoor run more with increasing warmth and avoid light wind or rain

Access to an outdoor run might provide some benefits for the social and activity behavior of dairy goats. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of weather parameters on outdoor run use by dairy goats under temperate weather conditions. Data were collected from February to April and in October, 2014, on 14 commercial dairy goat farms in Switzerland and Germany for 14 d per farm. Temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, and rain amount were measured continuously using a weather station. The outcome variables, average proportion of the herd in the outdoor run (proportion of herd in run) and average frequency of goats entering the outdoor run per hour in relation to group size (frequency of entries to run), were assessed by video data. Temperature, humidity, and solar radiation were combined to create the parameter “warmth” by means of a principal component analysis, whereas wind speed and rain (rain events and rain amount) were used in their original form as explanatory variables. Additionally, the effect of the comprehensive climate index on outdoor run use was investigated. Data were analyzed using linear mixed effects models. Increasing “warmth” increased, whereas increasing wind speed reduced, the proportion of herd in run. With increasing comprehensive climate index, the proportion of herd in run and the frequency of entries to run increased. On days without rain, the proportion of herd in run and the frequency of entries to run were markedly higher than during comparable daytime hours with rain. In the hour before the rain started and after it had stopped, more goats were in the outdoor run than during rain hours, but still fewer than during comparable daytime hours on days without rain. Furthermore, the proportion of herd in run and the frequency of entries to run decreased to a very low level when the rain amount exceeded 1 mm/h. To conclude, in the measured ranges of temperature (?0.8 to +16.5°C), humidity (34.8 to 99.2%), solar radiation (25.9 to 519.8 W/m²), and wind speed (0 to 4 m/s), warmer conditions increased the outdoor run use, whereas the goats clearly avoided light wind and rain. Therefore, in the outdoor runs, protection against rain and wind could promote their use under temperate weather conditions. Furthermore, ensuring optimized access to solar radiation by considering the exposure of the outdoor run might be of advantage, as direct sun exposure induces warmer conditions.     

光伏背板的耐候性研究

采用不同结构的太阳能背板与同型号EVA组合层压,对其进行耐候性研究。其结果表明,传统TPT背板具有良好的耐候性能,而一些新型背板如BBF等也具有较优异的综合性能。     

The investigation of human error analysis in adverse drug events in Taiwan—From the perspective of causality assessment

The goal of this study is to analyze the adverse drug events, using the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS), and to identify the causality between the error factors. Twenty‐five cases related to medication errors were identified. Seven experts were recruited to form an expert team for this study. The HFACS and root cause analysis were utilized in this study to identify the causal factors and the root causes of medication errors. The frequency of each error factor was recorded, and odds ratio was applied to measure the strength of the relevance of the error factors between adjacent levels of the HFACS. The results showed that 222 errors were identified and the main pathways and subpathways of medication errors from Level 4 to Level 1 of the HFACS were arranged in this study. According to the results, the deficiencies in organizations could be the main reasons causing adverse drug events in Taiwan.     

紫外线吸收剂对PBST薄膜耐候性的影响

研究了聚（丁二酸丁二醇?对苯二甲酸丁二醇）酯（PBST）薄膜在吐鲁番、海南2地的自然老化行为，采用高速拉伸仪、加强型投射雾影仪、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）等对薄膜老化前后的拉伸性能、光学性能和热性能进行了测试和表征，探究紫外线吸收剂（UVA）对PBST薄膜耐候性的影响。结果表明，随自然老化时间的延长，PBST薄膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率逐渐下降，透光率无明显变化，雾度逐渐提高，熔融温度（T_m）向低温方向移动； UVA可显著改善PBST的耐候性，最适宜添加量为0.5 %（质量分数）。     

Proactive systems for early warning of potential impacts of natural disasters on food safety: Climate-change-induced extreme events as case in point

According to a recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the frequency of certain climate extremes is expected to increase under the influence of climate change. This review presents potential direct and indirect effects of such extremes as well as other severe weather and hydro-meteorological events on the occurrence of hazards in food produced by various agricultural systems. In addition, we review the applicability of early warning systems to warn of the development of food safety hazards induced by natural disasters, with climate-change-induced extreme events as case in point. Monitoring systems focused on food safety hazards may miss - or pick up with delay - the occurrence of new hazards or known hazards in food products in which they previously did not occur. We conclude that, by better use of the available information (being plant-, animal-, human disease-focused systems monitoring weather and other environmental conditions and/or systems collecting publications on the internet), the negative impact of severe natural events on food safety can be minimized.     

Current Perspective Regarding the Immunopathogenesis of Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome/Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DIHS/DRESS)

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS) is a severe type of adverse drug eruption associated with multiorgan involvement and the reactivation of human herpesvirus 6, which arises after prolonged exposure to certain drugs. Typically, two waves of disease activity occur during the course of DIHS/DRESS; however, some patients experience multiple waves of exacerbation and remission of the disease. Severe complications, some of which are related to cytomegalovirus reactivation, can be fatal. DIHS/DRESS is distinct from other drug reactions, as it involves herpes virus reactivation and can lead to the subsequent development of autoimmune diseases. The association between herpesviruses and DIHS/DRESS is now well established, and DIHS/DRESS is considered to arise as a result of complex interactions between several herpesviruses and comprehensive immune responses, including drug-specific immune responses and antiviral immune responses, each of which may be mediated by distinct types of immune cells. It appears that both CD4 and CD8 T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of DIHS/DRESS but play distinct roles. CD4 T cells mainly initiate drug allergies in response to drug antigens, and then herpesvirus-specific CD8 T cells that target virus-infected cells emerge, resulting in tissue damage. Regulatory T-cell dynamics are also suggested to contribute to the diverse symptoms of DIHS/DRESS. However, the pathomechanisms of this complex disease remain largely unknown. In particular, how viral infections contribute to the pathogenesis of DIHS/DRESS and why autoimmune sequelae arise in DIHS/DRESS are yet to be elucidated. This review describes the clinical features of DIHS/DRESS, including the associated complications and sequelae, and discusses recent advances in our understanding of the immunopathogenic mechanisms of DIHS/DRESS.