Preparation of future weather data to study the impact of climate change on buildings

The dynamic interaction between building systems and external climate is extremely complex, involving a large number of difficult-to-predict variables. In order to study the impact of climate change on the built environment, the use of building simulation techniques together with forecast weather data are often necessary. Since most of building simulation programs require hourly meteorological input data for their thermal comfort and energy evaluation, the provision of suitable weather data becomes critical. In this paper, the methods used to prepare future weather data for the study of the impact of climate change are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. The inherent relationship between these methods is also illustrated. Based on these discussions and the analysis of Australian historic climatic data, an effective framework and procedure to generate future hourly weather data is presented. It is shown that this method is not only able to deal with different levels of available information regarding the climate change, but also can retain the key characters of a “typical” year weather data for a desired period.     

常温固化氟碳涂料防腐涂层配套体系及施工质量控制(一)

常温固化FEVE氟碳涂料以其优异的耐候性能在防腐领域获得越来越广泛的应用.为充分发挥氟碳涂料的耐候性,实现涂层体系的长效防腐,必需进行合理的涂层配套体系设计和严格的施工质量控制.综述了氟碳防腐涂层体系设计的一般原则和施工质量控制.介绍了ISO 12944、JT/T 722等标准在氟碳防腐涂层体系设计中的应用,归纳了不同腐蚀类型下,长寿命防腐氟碳涂层体系的实例及特点.     

寒地气候条件下城市建设初探

从分析气候因素在环境要素中的重要性及寒地城市气候特征对城市建设的影响出发,通过探讨世界发达国家寒地城市建设的具体措施和发展,对我国寒地城市建设提出了相关思考,以期创造可持续发展的寒地特色环境。     

纳米TiO2、SiO2复合改性苯丙外墙乳胶漆的研究

通过特殊的分散工艺,将纳米二氧化钛和二氧化硅添加到普通外墙乳胶漆中制备纳米改性外墙乳胶漆,试验表明,纳米二氧化钛加入到外墙乳胶漆中充分分散后,可以较大幅度地提高涂料的抗老化性能和耐洗刷性能。最后对抗老化和耐洗刷机理进行了分析,从理论上解释了纳米复合改性外墙涂料性能提高的原因。     

不同耐候指数焊丝对Q420qENH焊接接头冲击及腐蚀性能的影响

采用不同耐候指数的焊丝焊接了首钢生产的50mm厚Q420q ENH耐候桥梁钢,通过冲击试验、电化学试验及周浸腐蚀试验研究了接头焊缝区的冲击性能及焊接接头的腐蚀性能。结果表明,耐候焊丝获得的焊缝区冲击性能优于普通焊丝;焊缝的开路电位高于普通焊丝,焊接接头的腐蚀性能优于普通焊丝。     

基于辨识解耦的含高渗透分布式光伏用户集群基线负荷估计方法

近年来,表后分布式光伏迅猛发展,其不可观特性给需求响应集群基线负荷(Aggregated baseline load,ABL)估计带来巨大挑战.为提升高渗透分布式光伏下ABL的估计精度,提出了一种基于辨识解耦的ABL估计方法.首先,提出了一种基于天气状态驱动特征的分布式光伏用户辨识方法,将光伏用户与非光伏用户解耦分离....     

天气预报面孔说长道短

天气预报用语存在专业性太强,奥义太深,气象版面缩水、新闻性挖掘不深等不足之处,应突出人性化、通俗化,增强吸引力,去除＂纯气象、硬新闻,平稳乏味八股文＂的面孔,加强受众调查,做好产品包装。     

耐候实验中外墙外保温系统的内部湿热特性分析

外墙外保温是建筑围护结构节能的主要方式。在外保温系统内部布置温度和湿度传感器,采集外保温系统在耐候性试验中内部温湿度的变化数据进而分析了保温系统的湿热特性。结果表明采用不同的保温材料,系统内的湿度变化规律不同;EPS保温系统保温层两侧的温度变化幅度显著。     

Climatic factors and secondary sex ratio in dairy cows

The hypothesis for this study was that the prevailing climate around the time of conception was associated with changes in the secondary sex ratio (SSR) in grazing, seasonally bred dairy cattle. Calving date, parity, cow breed, and calf sex were obtained for 8,621 lactations (with single births only) from 1,897 cows between 1970 and 2003 (inclusive). Conception date was estimated by subtracting a gestation length of 282 d from the date at calving. Climatic factors, including maximum and minimum ambient temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, sunlight hours, and evaporation rate, were averaged across the week immediately prior to conception for all lactations. Sun radiation data were available after 1976. Generalized estimating equations, with cow included as a repeated effect, were used to determine the effect of climate around the time of conception on the logit of the probability of a male calf. Breed of cow, year of conception, and parity at conception did not affect the SSR. The odds of a male calf being born were 3.74 times greater when the immediately previous calf born was male. A male calf was more likely to be born following periods of elevated air temperature, greater evaporation, or both. A 1°C increase in average maximum air temperature from the average (18.3°C), during the week immediately prior to conception, was associated with a 1-percentage unit increase in the probability of a male calf being born (i.e., from 52 to 53%). A corresponding 1°C increase in average minimum air temperature was reflected in a 0.5-percentage unit increase in the probability of a male calf being born. The probability of a male calf being born increased by 2.9 percentage units with each additional millimeter of evaporation per day. Results indicate that climatic factors associated with elevated temperatures and greater evaporation may influence the SSR in dairy cattle.     

高耐候集装箱用钢连铸连轧工艺实践

介绍了鞍钢中薄板坯连铸连轧生产线生产高耐候集装箱用钢的试制过程,对连铸连轧工艺条件下钢的化学成分和工艺参数要点进行了研究,并已批量生产出满足用户要求的产品.