自动气象站设备维护与故障分析

本文针对自动气象站在运行中出现的常见问题进行分析,提出了相对应的维护措施,保证了自动站的正常运行,提高了资料传输的及时性和利用率,保障了自动站资料准确、及时的收集和传输,充分发挥了自动气象站的优势。     

自动气象站综述

文章简要介绍了自动气象站的基本原理和结构组成,阐述了自动气象站在气象观测中的重要性,分析了国内外自动气象站的现状,研究了自动气象站和气象传感器未来的发展趋势,认为自动气象站的结构应该由集中式向分布式发展,必须改进气象传感器生产工艺,根据观测项目的需求增加传感器种类,提高气象传感器的国产化水平,尽快研制通用数据采集器以提高自动气象站的扩展性和系统开放性。     

卫星通信在自动气象站数据传输中的应用

针对自动气象站的工作原理和通信特点,以深圳市安装在离岸200多公里的海上石油平台自动气象站为俐,分析探讨在常规通信及无法供电的情况下,如何使用北斗卫星系统对自动气象站的数据进行传输。     

莱钢3200m~3高炉炉况失常的处理

莱钢3#3200m3高炉由于原燃料条件恶化、上料系统紊乱、操作制度调剂不及时以及操作失误等原因,导致炉况失常。采用减轻焦炭负荷、锰矿洗炉、优化装料制度、改善原燃料、抓管理等措施后,炉况快速得到好转。     

考虑元件可靠性参数修正的配电网可靠性研究

元件可靠性参数是进行配电网可靠性分析的基础,对于某特定地区的某一类元件,天气和运行年限是影响其可靠性的主要因素。文章提出多态天气模型的概念,给出了该模型下元件可靠性参数的修正计算方法。在此基础上结合元件发生故障的浴盆曲线模型,给出基于天气因素和运行年限的元件可靠性参数修正模型,推导了基于元件参数修正的配电网可靠性指标的计算公式。仿真计算结果验证了天气因素和元件运行年限对配电网可靠性指标有较大影响。     

Rainfall effect on single-vehicle crash severities using polychotomous response models

As part of the Wisconsin road weather safety initiative, the objective of this study is to assess the effects of rainfall on the severity of single-vehicle crashes on Wisconsin interstate highways utilizing polychotomous response models.Weather-related factors considered in this study include estimated rainfall intensity for 15 min prior to a crash occurrence, water film depth, temperature, wind speed/direction, stopping sight distance and deficiency of car-following distance at the crash moment. For locations with unknown weather information, data were interpolated using the inverse squared distance method. Non-weather factors such as road geometrics, traffic conditions, collision types, vehicle types, and driver and temporal attributes were also considered. Two types of polychotomous response models were compared: ordinal logistic and sequential logistic regressions. The sequential logistic regression was tested with forward and backward formats. Comparative models were also developed for single vehicle crash severity during clear weather.In conclusion, the backward sequential logistic regression model produced the best results for predicting crash severities in rainy weather where rainfall intensity, wind speed, roadway terrain, driver's gender, and safety belt were found to be statistically significant. Our study also found that the seasonal factor was significant in clear weather. The seasonal factor is a predictor suggesting that inclement weather may affect crash severity. These findings can be used to determine the probabilities of single vehicle crash severity in rainy weather and provide quantitative support on improving road weather safety via weather warning systems, highway facility improvements, and speed limit management.     

极端恶劣气候条件下的配电系统可靠性分析

不同的气候环境下,电力系统的可靠性水平及电网的运行能力是不同的。恶劣性气候时设备所承受的物理压力要比正常气候情况下大得多（如覆冰,飓风等）。传统未考虑气候因素的可靠性评估,其可靠性指标结果误差较大,可能会影响运行规划人员的决策分析。考虑极端恶劣气候因素,采用三状态气候模型,使用状态空间法分析某配电系统可靠性水平,并进行误差分析,以此保证可靠性分析的客观实际性,说明其现实意义。     

高性能耐火耐候建筑用钢力学性能研究

对武钢研制的高性能耐火耐候建筑用钢的力学性能 ,包括拉伸、冲击、无塑性转变温度、断裂韧性及应变时效敏感性等进行了研究。试验结果表明 :该钢材具有优良的综合力学性能。     

Mascaras may cause irritant contact dermatitis

The majority of adverse effects of cosmetics have been attributed to soaps in Dutch and English studies, but to eye makeup in a recent Swedish study. The reactions may be caused by irritants or by sensitizing substances. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the irritation potential of commercially available mascaras. The mascaras were exposed to the skin in aluminium chambers. The skin reaction was evaluated using both visual assessments of erythema and non-invasive measurements of the skin reaction. Seven mascaras were tested on 15 healthy individuals in a randomized and blinded fashion. Two of the seven tested mascaras induced pronounced skin inflammation, when applied to normal skin under occlusion. These two mascaras were based on volatile petroleum distillate, in contrast to the other five mascaras that were conventional emulsions with stearate as the main emulsifier. The findings suggest that solvent-based mascaras might induce contact dermatitis due to its content of irritating substances.     

摩岩石刻文物保护防风化研究现状及深化方向

摩岩刻文物保护防风化治理是世界性难题，本文在论述了国内外研究现状的基础上，对目前开展的防风化研究的主要问题进行了综述和评价，针对其中的难点－造象岩壁大面积风化破坏和治理问题，提出了继续深化研究的方向，重点论述了水－岩反应的破坏作用机理，造象岩壁结构破坏作用机理及化学保护剂长期稳定适应性的研究意义和研究的内容。