高耐候集装箱用钢连铸连轧工艺实践

介绍了鞍钢中薄板坯连铸连轧生产线生产高耐候集装箱用钢的试制过程,对连铸连轧工艺条件下钢的化学成分和工艺参数要点进行了研究,并已批量生产出满足用户要求的产品.     

不恰当应用源隔离策略引入的相反效果

通过研究源隔离策略为典型代表的版图加固措施,评价多种考虑源隔离策略加固结构的单粒子瞬态响应,验证并报道了产生的相反效果。除寄生双极放大效应,驱动能力和节点电容均能对单粒子瞬态产生影响,由于受多个因素调控,除非某因素确定无疑是最主要的影响因素,在采取加固措施之前必须经过仔细考虑以及定量评估。     

水电厂气象水文综合预报调度模型的建立与应用

水电厂气象水文综合预报调度模型整合了降雨预报方案、中长期水文预报方案、洪水预报方案、水库优化调度方案等现有模型系统。降雨数值预报接入水库预报调度系统后,延长了来水预报预见期,结合文中研究的优化调度模型,使水电厂能够提前调整发电计划、调度方案,增加了水电厂的发电效益和水库的防洪减灾社会效益。     

浅析电网防灾气象监测系统的数据通信组网技术

介绍了电网防灾系统通信组网技术的应用,通过合理的信道选择和组网设计,将密布于电网区域的电力自动气象站实时监测数据传送至省级中心站。实践证明,电力数据调度运行管理信息系统（DMIS）专网是合理的通信组网设计。     

Importance of weather monitoring for agricultural decision‐making – an exploratory behavioral study for Oklahoma Mesonet

BACKGROUND

The Oklahoma Mesonet (the statewide environmental and weather monitoring network) has monitored changes in weather patterns since 1994 to provide accurate and timely mesoscale weather information to farmers and other groups. Studies are still scarce that would quantitatively assess farmers' perceptions about the value of the Oklahoma Mesonet contributions to agricultural operations, profitability of land management, and decision making. This paper aims to analyze those questions by means of an exploratory empirical study in Oklahoma for two groups of Mesonet users and non‐users.

RESULTS

Familiarity with and application of Mesonet information determines farmers' profitability assessments and decision making. Farmers' perceptions are also influenced by the degree of previous exposure to weather‐related losses. The median estimate of the economic value of Mesonet information is $1000 per year. Mesonet users perceive higher profitability from the application of Mesonet data at 7.6/10, whereas Mesonet non‐users provided an average assessment of 2.6/10.

CONCLUSIONS

Consistent use of Mesonet information results in a higher assessment of the importance of Mesonet. This research provides some initial insights into farmers' perceptions about the value of Oklahoma Mesonet information, which could guide stakeholders in developing measures to better serve farmers with environmental monitoring data for improved farm decisions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Assessment of offshore wind farm characteristics with the cloud resolving storm simulator: A case study in Japan

Wind conditions and output power characteristics of a wind farm in Japan are evaluated with highly resolved weather predictions from the so‐called cloud resolving storm simulator. One year of 30‐hour‐ahead predictions with 2‐km spatial resolution and 1‐hour time resolution are evaluated against 10‐minute averaged measurements (averaged to hourly data) from the wind farm. Also, extremely detailed shorter‐term predictions with 200‐m spatial resolution and 1‐second time resolution are evaluated against 1‐Hz measurements. For the hourly data, wind speeds are predicted with an RMSE of 3.0 to 3.5 m/s, and wind power with about 0.3 per unit. Wind direction is predicted with a standard deviation of errors of 16° to 28° for hourly data, and generally below 10° for the 1‐Hz data. We show that wind power variability—here in terms of increments—can be assessed on the timescale of several hours. The measured and predicted wind spectra are found similar on both short and long timescales.     

Modelling the effects of environmental conditions on wind turbine failures

Operation and maintenance is one of the main cost drivers of modern wind farms and has become an emerging field of research over the past years. Understanding the failure behaviour of wind turbines (WTs) can significantly enhance operation and maintenance processes and is essential for developing reliability and strategic maintenance models. Previous research has shown that especially the environmental conditions, to which the turbines are exposed to, affect their reliability drastically. This paper compares several advanced modelling techniques and proposes a novel approach to model WT system and component failures based on the site‐specific weather conditions. Furthermore, to avoid common problems in failure modelling, procedures for variable selection and complexity reduction are discussed and incorporated. This is applied to a big failure database comprised of 11 wind farms and 383 turbines. The results show that the model performs very well in several situations such as modelling general WT failures as well as failures of specific components. The latter is exemplified using gearbox failures.     

灾害天气条件下电力系统故障诊断特征匹配方法

灾害天气会导致电力通信系统的可靠性降低, 警报信息在通信过程中发生畸变的可能性上升, 进而增加对停电区域内元件准确识别故障的困难。现有研究表明, 通过对线路发生故障期间的外部环境数据进行分析可得到该线路的故障风险程度, 但此信息尚很少被用于故障诊断之中。在此背景下,提出一种利用外部天气环境信息进行故障特征匹配的电力系统故障诊断方法。首先, 利用故障期间采集得到的外部环境信息根据灰色模糊理论得到线路综合故障概率。然后, 在现有的电力系统故障诊断解析模型（优化模型）的目标函数中增加外部环境故障特征匹配指标, 对与灾害天气相关故障特征不匹配的故障假说进行惩罚。接着, 利用模拟退火遗传算法对改进的解析模型进行求解。最后, 针对广州市局部电网的故障案例进行仿真测试,结果表明所提的改进故障诊断方法对通信故障的容错性强;此外,还比较分析了考虑与不考虑外部天气环境影响时的诊断结果及差异原因。     

Evaluation of three mainstream numerical weather prediction models with observations from meteorological mast IJmuiden at the North Sea

Numerical weather prediction models play an important role in the field of wind energy, for example, in power forecasting, resource assessment, wind farm (wake) simulations, and load assessment. Continuous evaluation of their performance is crucial for successful operations and further understanding of meteorology for wind energy purposes. However, extensive offshore observations are rarely available. In this paper, we use unique met mast and Lidar observations up to 315 m from met mast “IJmuiden,” located in the North Sea 85 km off the Dutch coast, to evaluate the representation of wind and other relevant variables in three mainstream meteorological models: ECMWF‐IFS, HARMONIE‐AROME, and WRF‐ARW, for a wide range of weather conditions. Overall performance for hub‐height wind speed is found to be comparable between the models, with a systematic wind speed bias <0.5 m/s and random wind speed errors (centered RMSE) <2 m/s. However, the model performance differs considerably between cases, with better performance for strong wind regimes and well‐mixed wind and potential temperature profiles. Conditions characterized by moderate wind speeds combined with stable stratification, which typically produce substantial wind shear and power fluctuations, lead to the largest misrepresentations in all models.     

ZQZ—A型区域自动气象站GPRS通讯模块故障特征分析

本文就ZQZ—A型区域自动气象观测站GPRS通讯模块的原理、故障特征及通讯过程中出现的故障现象等几个方面进行浅显阐述,分析总结了湘潭市。区域自动站通讯模块出现故障的几种现象,以期能够为区域自动气象站的维护人员提供一些帮助,更好地保证区域自动气象站的正常运行。