Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of amphiphilic block copolymer self‐aggregates formed by poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)

Diblock copolymers with different poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) block lengths were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in the presence of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG‐OH, MW 2000) as initiator. The self‐aggregation behaviors and microscopic characteristics of the diblock copolymer self‐aggregates, prepared by the diafiltration method, were investigated by using ¹H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The PEG–PCL block copolymers formed the self‐aggregate in an aqueous environment by intra‐ and/or intermolecular association between hydrophobic PCL chains. The critical aggregation concentrations of the block copolymer self‐aggregate became lower with increasing hydrophobic PCL block length. On the other hand, reverse trends of mean hydrodynamic diameters were measured by DLS owing to the increasing bulkiness of the hydrophobic chains and hydrophobic interaction between the PCL microdomains. The partition equilibrium constants (K_v) of pyrene, measured by fluorescence spectroscopy, revealed that the inner core hydrophobicity of the nanoparticles increased with increasing PCL chain length. The aggregation number of PCL chain per one hydrophobic microdomain, investigated by the fluorescence quenching method using cetylpyridinium chloride as a quencher, revealed that 4–20 block copolymer chains were needed to form a hydrophobic microdomain, depending on PCL block length. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3520–3527, 2006     

两种新的水溶性卟啉的离解常数测定及酸碱诱导聚合

研究了ｍｅｓｏ－四卟啉和ｍｅｓｏ－四卟啉的离解常数。ＴＢＰｈＰ的离解常数为：ｐＫａ４＝１．１３．ｐＫａ３＝１．８８，ｐＫＡ２＝１２．２１；ＴＴＰＳ的离解常数为：ｐＫａ４＝４．４７，ｐＫａ３＝６．２６。外还发现了两卟啉的酸碱诱导聚合。     

Aggregation arrestant pheromone of the German cockroach,Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae): Isolation and structure elucidation of blattellastanoside-A and -B

The aggregation pheromone of the German cockroach,Blattella germanica, consists of attractant and arrestant, which can be detected by olfactometer and choice-chamber assay, respectively. Both were extracted from the frass-contaminated filter paper being used as a shelter. They were separated by solvent partition withn-butanol and water. The arrestant from then-butanol phase was purified by open column chromatography and then successive HPLC isolated two major arrestant components. Spectral evidence from SI-MS, HR-EI-MS, and NMR experiments with pulse techniques provided possible structures as 1-(6-chloro-4,5-epoxy-5-stigmast-3-yl)--d-glucopyranoside and 1-(6-chloro-5-hydroxy-5-stigmast-3-yl)--d-glu-copyranoside, denoted as blattellastanoside-A and blattellastanoside-B, respectively. They represented arrestant activity as median effective doses (ED₅₀) at 0.044 (A) and 3.2 (B) nmol on 1.0 cm² of Whatman No. 1 filter paper.     

激发态光物理的拓扑控制：对（N，N＇－二正癸基）氨基苯甲腈的簇集与光诱导分子内电荷转移

在水－二氧六环混合介质中，对二正癸基氨基苯甲腈（ＤＤＡＢＮ）分子，在水的体积分数超过０．５后，发生簇集并可观察到双重荧光发射且长波长发射带位置与在纯二氧六环中相近。该发射带被证实系分子内扭转电荷转移（ＴＩＣＴ）带。吸收光谱表明ＤＤＡＢＮ簇集体为Ｊ－型。     

Chemical and Physical Signals Mediating Conspecific and Heterospecific Aggregation Behavior of First Instar Stink Bugs

We investigated cues that mediate the aggregation behavior of immature pentatomid bugs by using nymphs of six different pentatomid bug species (Nezara viridula, Acrosternum hilare, Chlorochroa ligata, Chlorochroa sayi, Thyanta pallidovirens, and Euschistus conspersus). When first instars of any two species were put together in a Petri dish, they readily formed heterospecific aggregations similar to their natural conspecific aggregations. The chemical profiles of first and second instar nymphs of each species were determined by solvent extraction with pentane, followed by GC-MS analysis. Immature bugs of the different species had some compounds in common, and some that were more species specific. Within a species, there were distinct differences in the profiles of compounds extracted from first and second instars. Bugs did not aggregate around untreated polysulfone beads (1 mm diam) that were glued together in groups approximating bug egg masses, suggesting that tactile cues alone were insufficient to induce aggregation. Furthermore, when tested over a range of doses, groups of polysulfone beads treated with crude whole-body extracts of bugs did not induce or maintain aggregations. However, first instar N. viridula nymphs did respond to beads treated with two of the three major components of bug extracts. 4-Oxo-(E)-2-decenal induced significant aggregations at two doses, whereas tridecane, the major component in extracts from all six species, did not, and (E)-2-decenal was repellent. The repellence of (E)-2-decenal may explain why we and previous researchers were unable to induce aggregations of first instar N. viridula using whole-body extracts.     

Temporal aggregation and spurious instantaneous causality in multiple time series models

Large aggregation interval asymptotics are used to investigate the relation between Granger causality in disaggregated vector autoregressions (VARs) and associated contemporaneous correlation among innovations of the aggregated system. One of our main contributions is that we outline various conditions under which the informational content of error covariance matrices yields insight into the causal structure of the VAR. Monte Carlo results suggest that our asymptotic findings are applicable even when the aggregation interval is small, as long as the time series are not characterized by high levels of persistence.     

Improvement of Pt/ZrO2 by CeO2 for high pressure CH4/CO2 reforming

CH₄/CO₂ reforming over Pt/ZrO₂, Pt/CeO₂ and Pt/ZrO₂ with CeO₂ was investigated at 2 MPa. Pt/ZrO₂, which shows stable activity under 0.1 MPa, and Pt/CeO₂ showed gradual deactivation with time at the high pressure. The deactivation was suppressed drastically on Pt/ZrO₂ with CeO₂ prepared by different impregnation order (co-impregnation of Pt and CeO₂ on ZrO₂, and consecutive impregnation of Pt and CeO₂ on ZrO₂). The amount of coke deposition was found insignificant and similar among all the catalysts (including Pt/ZrO₂ and Pt/CeO₂). Catalytic activity after the reaction for 24 h was in agreement with Pt particle size after the reaction for same period, indicating that the difference of the catalytic stability is mainly dependent on the extent of Pt aggregation through catalyst preparation, H₂ reduction, and the CH₄/CO₂ reforming. Pt aggregation and the amount of coke deposition were least pronounced on (Pt–Ce)/ZrO₂ prepared by impregnation of CeO₂ on Pt/ZrO₂ and the catalyst showed highest stability.     

异构 WSN 中基于参考值的可恢复隐私保护数据融合

文章介绍了无线传感网络的安全数据融合技术,针对当前数据融合算法安全性不高、开销过大以及融合精度低等问题,提出了基于参考值的可恢复隐私保护数据融合算法。该算法利用公钥同态加密机制为数据提供端到端的机密性和完整性认证。此外,该算法动态地为网络中的每个节点设定下次传输的参考值,并通过传输采样值和参考值之间的差值来减少网络中的数据传输量。仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地减少数据传输量,提高整个网络的能量和带宽效率。     

基于分布式计算的电网运行可靠性评估算法研究

针对电网运行可靠性评估计算量大,但又要求计算时间短的问题,提出了一种基于分布式计算的电网运行可靠性评估算法。该算法采用改进的状态选择和分析方案,解决了计算终端间随机数序列的关联性问题,有效地降低了通信量,提高了计算速度。基于该算法编制的评估软件已通过RTS-24系统和某省级电网的实际运行测试,测试结果表明,该算法不仅能够有效评估电网运行可靠性,而且计算速度随计算终端数增加呈一定倍数提高。