一种疏水缔合聚合物的合成及溶液性能

将十八烷基-二甲基甲代烯丙基氯化铵(C18DMMAAC)作为疏水单体,与丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)在水溶液中通过自由基聚合得到疏水缔合聚合物HAPAM-18,通过1HNMR和红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。最佳的聚合反应条件为:n(AM)∶n(AA)∶n(C18DMMAAC)=74.94∶25∶0.06,AA的摩尔中和度为95%,单体总质量分数为20%,引发剂质量分数为0.05%(以单体总质量计),温度45℃,反应时间12 h。研究表明,聚合物溶液的临界缔合质量浓度为2 g/L;聚合物溶液对温度较为敏感,80℃时黏度保留率为70.93%;聚合物溶液仍为剪切变稀的假塑性流体,但表现出良好的抗剪切性能,剪切1 h后黏度保留率达115%;由于设计为含较多阴离子的聚合物,该聚合物的抗盐性较差。     

2012年氧化铁行业运行情况分析

分析了2012年我国氧化铁颜料行业的运行特点以及存在的潜在问题,以翔实的数据分析了氧化铁行业2012年经济指标完成情况、综合利用实效、生产营销情况、进出口贸易情况以及表观消费总量等情况,并提出了2013年氧化铁行业的工作思路和要求。     

羟基氯醋改性聚氨酯预聚体合成反应动力学研究

采用化学分析方法研究了羟基氯醋树脂微粉存在下的聚醚N-220、蓖麻油等聚醚多元醇混合物与甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI-80）的预聚合反应动力学,获得了聚氨酯预聚体合成反应动力学参数及反应表观速率常数表达式k=0．049exp（-23．95／RT）,并通过反应初期的实验数据对反应级数进行了验证。结果表明,在该体系下的预聚体合成反应中,氨酯化反应的表观速率常数随反应温度的升高而增大,合成反应以氨酯化反应为主,总反应级数为1．74~1．88,为近二级反应。该合成反应机理具有一定的复杂性。实验结果对相关聚氨酯弹性体预聚物合成及改性反应具有一定的理论价值和指导意义。     

A Numerical Study of the Apparent Selectivity in the Fractionation of Two Macromolecules by Ultrafiltration

The fractionation of two macromolecules by ultrafiltration in a parallel plate cell was studied by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The in-house code developed takes on account of the pressure drop, the variation of the permeate velocity along the cell, the concentration polarization over the membrane, and the variation of the transport properties and of the osmotic pressure with the concentration of the solutes. A convective-diffusive model, to simulate the solute transmission, was also adopted. The real and apparent selectivity, local and mean, were determined, in order to study the effect of transmembrane pressure, Reynolds number, inlet solute concentrations, specific area of the membrane pores, and membrane resistance. The code was applied to study the separation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Dextran-T10 macromolecules. The mean apparent selectivity increases with increasing transmembrane pressures until it reaches a maximum after which it decreases. The mean apparent selectivity increases with increasing Reynolds number consequence of a polarization decrease. Moreover, the selectivity increases with a decrease of the pore size and, also, with an increase of the membrane resistance. For low inlet concentrations of the solutes, the variation of the physical properties with the concentration does not produce any appreciable effect on the apparent selectivity.     

Extraction Equilibria of 4-Hydroxypyridine using Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phosphoric Acid

Extractions of 4-Hydroxpyridine (4HP) from aqueous solutions using Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as extractant in 1-octanol and kerosene were studied. The factors that affected the distribution coefficient (D), such as equilibrium pH, the concentration of D2EHPA, and the type of diluents were discussed. The interaction mechanism between 4HP and D2EHPA was validated by infrared spectroscopic analysis. D increased with the increase of the concentration of D2EHPA and peak values appeared at equilibrium pH = 3.6–5.0. D in the polar diluent (1-octanol) was much higher than those in the non-polar diluent (kerosene). The extraction reaction was found to be a proton-transfer process and D2EHPA mainly reacted through its –OH with –N– of 4HP. The apparent reactive extraction equilibrium constants K ₁₁ and K ₁₂ were obtained by fitting the experimental data of extraction equilibrium. By comparing calculated D values from the proposed model with the experimental ones, the accuracy of the proposed model was examined.     

Effect of phase maldistribution on performance of two-phase catalytic monolith reactor and its comparison with trickle bed reactor

Monolith reactors are widely considered as an alternative to the conventional trickle bed reactor. For the commercial deployment of monolith reactors, comparative performance studies are required. Reliable comparative and performance studies require a detailed understanding of the effect of phase distribution/maldistribution on the performance studies. In this work, performance and comparative studies were carried out in a relatively large column that was 4.8 cm in diameter. Experiments were performed in the same conditions that were used in studies for which phase distribution data were available. Since the properties of the catalyst used were different in both the reactors, the apparent kinetics were studied to facilitate the comparison. The hydrogenation of alpha-methyl styrene (AMS) was used as a test reaction. From the performance studies, it was found that the effect of maldistribution on the performance was stronger than the catalyst availability. From the comparative studies, it was found that the monolith reactor with maldistributed flow conditions provides higher productivity than the trickle bed reactor.     

A model for stress-dependence of apparent permeability in nanopores of shale gas reservoirs

Predicting long-term production from gas shale reservoirs is a challenging task due to changes in effective stress and permeability during gas production. Unlike coal, the variation of sorbing gas permeability with pore pressure in shale does not always feature a biphasic trend under a constant confining pressure. The present contribution demonstrates that the biphasic dependence of permeability on pore pressure depends on a number of physical and geometrical factors, each with a distinct impact on gas permeability. This includes pore size, adsorption isotherm, and the variation of gas viscosity with pore pressure. A single-capillary model is proposed for the apparent permeability of real gas in shale. Results indicate that the biphasic relation between apparent permeability and pore pressure is prevalent when the sorbing gas flows in sufficiently small pores. In addition, the effects of sorption isotherm and internal resistance of nonideal gas to flow cannot be ignored.     

变黏分流酸流变性影响因素的研究

利用室内合成的甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂(VES-TCJ)制备变黏分流酸。首先测定酸液中VES-TCJ浓度对鲜酸表观黏度的影响。然后模拟酸-岩反应,考察pH、VES-TCJ浓度、剪切速率、温度等因素对变黏分流酸体系变黏特性的影响。实验结果表明,当剪切速率为170 s-1,25℃下鲜酸的表观黏度小于25 mPa.s,具有良好的泵入能力。酸液表观黏度在酸-岩反应过程中不断增大,pH值为3左右时,乏酸的表观黏度最大。表面活性剂是酸液变黏的关键,VES-TCJ浓度大于4%后,变黏分流酸具有较高的表观黏度。变黏分流酸表观黏度随剪切速率的增大和温度的升高而明显减小。     

振动剪切作用下聚合物熔体的非仿射网络结构模型——振动参数对聚合物熔体黏性的影响

利用非仿射网络结构本构模型分析了正弦脉动流场中振动参数对聚合物熔体黏性的影响作用，并从缠结密度的概念上来解释其影响规律。     

搅拌槽内假塑性流体洞穴研究进展

介绍了在假塑性流体层流搅拌中广泛存在的洞穴现象,表明其对物料的传质和传热极为不利;说明了假塑性流体剪切变稀的流变特性,阐述了预测洞穴大小的3种数学模型：球形模型、圆柱形模型和环形模型,同时综述了不同搅拌器洞穴形状及大小变化的最新研究成果,认为圆柱形模型（EN模型）能更好地描述假塑性流体洞穴的形状及其随雷诺数的变化,洞穴边界速度定义为 0.01U_tip;最后指出了利用 CFD 技术研究洞穴变化以及流场特征是必然趋势。