Correlations between substrate bias, microstructure and surface morphology of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films

The microstructure and surface morphology of ta-C films deposited on p-type (1 0 0) single crystal silicon with the substrate negative bias varying from 0 to 2000 V by the filtered cathodic vacuum arc technology have been investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscope. The optimal deposition process of sp³-rich ta-C films can be confirmed in light of the relations between the coupling coefficients or full-width at half-maximum and the substrate negative bias. The surfaces of these films are uniform and smooth and RMS surface roughness is less than 0.4 nm. At the lower energetic grades, the more the content of sp³ is in the film, the smoother the surface of the film is. The dependence of the surface morphology and the impinging energy of the species can be illustrated according to the subimplantation growth mechanism. Nevertheless at the high energetic grade, the impinging ions with appropriate energy sputter and smoothen the surface so that the roughness might be even lower than the one of the films with the richest sp³ component.     

黄土高原土壤侵蚀的人为影响程度研究综述

人类活动对黄土高原土壤侵蚀的影响程度始终是黄土高原土壤侵蚀和黄河泥沙变化研究中的热门问题。人类活动对黄土高原土壤侵蚀影响研究主要可以分为地质地貌学法,土地利用变化法,气候演变法和水土保持措施法等四类,地质地貌学方法又包括黄河下游冲积扇沉积模式、地貌循环理论、侵蚀的自然脉动、沟谷侵蚀速率、侵蚀期与堆积期轮回等方法。不同研究方法对人类活动的影响评价存在明显异同。通过对现有研究方法、结果和观点的整理与讨论,认为应该提取和组织高时空分辨率的自然与人类活动要素,恢复地史与历史时期侵蚀面貌,探讨人类活动与水土流失变化的过程与机制,评价和预测人类活动对土壤侵蚀的影响。     

利用声波测井数据估算西湖凹陷地层剥蚀量

声波测井数据揭示岩层声波时差的规律性的变化,根据这种规律性的变化可以定量求解地层曾经经历过的抬升剥蚀.作者对声波时差、利用声波测井数据求取地层剥蚀厚度的基本原理及计算方法作了简要介绍,并以东海西湖凹陷3口钻井的实测声波测井数据为例,对这一方法的适用性进行了探讨.     

交流电弧炉对电压波动和闪变的影响

根据交流电弧炉(EAF)的工作特性,对抚顺特殊钢公司两台电弧炉产生的电压波动和闪变进行了预测,并阐述了将要采用的补偿措施。     

自耗式碳氧枪操纵器在直流电弧炉的应用

介绍了自耗式碳氧枪操纵器工作原理、结构特点。该操纵器利用可编程控制器控制，是一套机、电、气集成度较高的设备。     

福建邱村金矿床地质特征

详细论述了邱村金矿床的地质特征,对矿床成因进行了探讨,并总结了矿床找矿标志.     

Erosion characteristics of materials recovered from hard alloy scrap

The production of electrode materials involving oxide processing of VK15 hard alloy scrap and thermomechanical processing of the resulting powder mixtures is investigated. The recovery of tungsten and cobalt oxides, synthesis of tungsten carbide, and compaction of WC-Co powder mixture are combined into one cycle. Studying the structure and erosion characteristics of the material shows that the oxide technology is suitable for producing electrode materials from hard alloy scrap and has wide opportunities for varying their erosion characteristics. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Vol. 46, No. 3–4 (454), pp. 32–37, 2007.     

基于三段自修正法的炉衬侵蚀测量模型与系统

对高炉炉衬侵蚀进行实时监测和预报并提前采取有效措施是提高高炉寿命和安全生产运行的重要手段。以莱钢1880高炉为例,在采集炉体预埋专用传感器阵列数据的基础上,通过热电阻温度传热机理分析,采用三段自修正法建立高炉炉衬侵蚀测量模型,结果表明,该方法能有效克服非线性影响,提高炉衬侵蚀测量精度。     

Role of Direct Reduced Iron Fines in Nitrogen Removal from Electric Arc Furnace Steel

Electric arc furnace steel contains about 70‐120 ppm nitrogen. There is no suitable method for nitrogen removal from electric arc furnace steel up to the level desired for good quality bars and flat rolled products (30 ppm max). The existing process based on vacuum degassing can remove only up to 20% of nitrogen in steel. In the present study DRI fines have been injected into a steel bath which can drift out nitrogen in steel through production of fine CO bubbles in‐situ on reaction with residual FeO in DRI fines and C in bath. For high and medium carbon steel, nitrogen got reduced to 30 ppm and 60 ppm respectively where initial nitrogen was 150 – 200 ppm in steel. Nitrogen removal also depends upon bath depth and addition level of DRI.     

真空开关电弧等离子体特性诊断技术研究进展

阐述了真空电弧等离子体特性诊断的重要意义,列举了常用的诊断方法及其工作原理,综述了近年来国内外关于真空电弧等离子体特性诊断方面的实验研究进展。