Crystallographic Texture Development in Bismuth Sodium Titanate Prepared by Reactive-Templated Grain Growth Method

Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ (BNT) and 0.94Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃·0.06BaTiO₃ (BNT–BT) bulk ceramics with extensive 〈100〉 texture were prepared by the reactive-templated grain growth method, using platelike Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ (BIT) particles as templates for BNT. Calcined compacts were composed of matrix grains with random orientation and 〈100〉-oriented grains transformed from aligned BIT particles, and the texture developed by the growth of oriented grains during sintering. Ceramics with extensive texture were obtained by using the starting mixture containing the maximum concentration of platelike BIT to form the maximum volume fraction of oriented grains.     

采用高速剪切反应器生产超细氧化铋工艺探讨

利用硝酸铋溶液和碳酸铵溶液为原料，采用高速剪切反应器，500℃煅烧后可以生产出高纯、超细的氧化铋粉末。该方法制备出的氧化铋平均粒度0．71μm且粒度范围分布窄，颗粒形貌为类球形，晶相为纯α相，指标达到电子压敏陶瓷要求。由于粒度细小，可以在电子压敏陶瓷球磨工艺减少球磨工艺，并具有更好的分散效果。本文对超细的氧化铋粉末形成机理也进行了探讨。     

Bi2—xPbxSr2Ca2Cu3Oy系高Tc超导体相变的研究

用DSC研究了高T_e超导体B_(2-r)Pb_rSr_2Ca_2Cu_sO_v(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6)从室温至600℃范围内的相变。在320℃和440℃附近有二个吸热蜂,每一个峰对应一个相变过程。440℃附近的相变是不可递的,其原子激活能为1.37eV,是由高T_e相向低T_e相的转变。而320℃附近的相变则与超结构的形成有关。     

Admittance—Frequency Response in Zinc Oxide Varistor Ceramics

The lumped parameter/complex plane analysis technique revealed several contributions to the terminal admittance of the ZnO—Bi₂O₃ based varistor grain-boundary ac response. The terminal capacitance has been elucidated via the multiple trapping phenomena, a barrier layer polarization, and a resonance effect in the frequency range 10⁻²≤ f ≤ 10⁹ Hz. The characterization of the trapping relaxation behavior near ∼ 10⁵ Hz (∼ 10⁻⁶ s) provided a better understanding of a previously reported loss-peak. The possible nonuniformity in this trapping activity associated with its conductance term observed via the depression angle of a semicircular relaxation in the complex capacitance ( C *) plane has been postulated.     

绝氧条件下β-Bi2Mo2O9晶相上丙烯氨氧化反应的Monte Carlo模拟研究

A random walk Monte Carlo （RWMC） simulation model of catalytic particle was established on the basis of the structures of bismuth molybdate catalysts and mechanisms of catalytic reactions with propylene selective oxidation and ammoxidation. The simulation results show that rationality of the RWMC model is proved on the basis of pulse experimental data. One of the most remarkable factors affecting catalytic behavior is the transfer of bulk lattice oxygen, which decides the rate of ammonia-consuming and propylene-consuming. The selectivity of main products reaches the maximum after the reduction of catalysts to a certain degree. It is inferred that catalytic performance improves greatly if the ratio of capacity for dehydrogenation from adsorbed propylene molecule on catalytically active site of molybdenum metal-imido group （Mo=NH） to that on catalytically active site of molybdenum metal-oxo group （Mo=O） becomes much higher.     

共沉淀法制备Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12纳米粉体

用硝酸铋、硝酸镧和钛酸四丁酯为原料，硝酸、无水乙醇和去离子水为溶剂，氨水为沉淀剂，采用共沉淀法合成了单相铋层状钙钛矿结构Bi3.25La0．75Ti3O12(BLT)纳米粉体。用DTA／TG和XRD研究了BLT前驱体的热行为和晶相转化过程，用场致发射扫描电子显微镜观察了BLT粉体的颗粒形貌和大小的变化。结果表明：共沉淀前驱体溶液的配制过程中，硝酸铋水解生成的硝酸氧铋不利于层状钙钛矿结构BLT相的合成。利用浓度较高的硝酸作溶剂，可以防止硝酸铋的水解，采用氨基共沉淀法直接合成出了单一相的BLT纳米粉体，在煅烧过程中，未出现Bi2Ti2O3焦绿石相。700℃煅烧2h合成的BLT粉体颗粒不大于100nm，颗粒间结合疏松，具有良好的分散性。     

PS协同Z型异质结2D/BiOI/g-C3N4 光催化降解四环素

以三聚氰胺为前驱体，采用简单的热聚合方法制备了超薄石墨相氮化碳（g-C3N4），并用原位沉积-沉淀法在g-C3N4表面生成碘氧化铋（BiOI），复合构筑不同BiOI质量占比的二维碘氧化铋/石墨相氮化碳（2D/BiOI/g-C3N4，BICN-x）Z型异质结用以协同过二硫酸盐（PS）。通过XRD、FTIR、SEM、HRTEM、BET、UV-vis DRS对光催化剂的结构、表面官能团、形貌特征、比表面积和光学性能进行表征分析。结果表明：BiOI与g-C3N4质量比为2∶1（BICN-3）时，通过密切的界面耦合，光生电子-空穴对分离效率较高，光生e-以更快的迁移速度到达结构表面，并且在LED照射60 min内，BICN-3与PS形成的催化体系（BICN-3/PS）去除了88.2%的四环素（TC，10mg/L），降解速率是单独BICN-3的3.82倍。     

新显色剂2，6－二溴－4－乙氧基偶氮胂直接吸光光度法测定微量铋

新显色剂２，６－二溴－４－乙氧基偶氮肿在１．５ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＨＣｌＯ４介质中，与Ｂｉ（Ⅲ）生成稳定的深色络合物，最大吸收波长为６３９ｕｍ，摩尔吸光系数为９．６７×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，灵敏度高，常见离子允许量大。Ｂｉ（Ⅲ）在０～２５μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围内符合比耳定律。以试样空白为参比，直接吸光光度法测定铜及铜合金中的铋，方法简便，结果令人满意。     

Bi2O3对堇青石陶瓷的相组成、微观结构和性能的影响

采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、差热分析和热膨胀仪等手段研究了由氧化物粉末(MgO，Ai2O3和SiO2)制备堇青石陶瓷时，添加Bi2O3对堇青石陶瓷相变、相组成和性能的影响，Bi2O3在烧结过程中的作用机理是低温产生液相促进烧结。试验表明，在1350℃烧结3h，该陶瓷由堇青石和孤立分布的玻璃相组成。随Bi2O3含量增加，陶瓷的致密度、弯曲强度和热膨胀系数逐渐升高。Bi2O3的添加量(质量分数)大于4％时，原料相石英消失。硅氧网络骨架结合力减小和一定量的玻璃相是引起堇青石陶瓷热膨胀系数升高的主要原因。     

准同型相界附近(Na1-xKx)0.5Bi0.5TiO3的制备及性能研究

利用固相法制备了（Na1-xKx）0.5Bi0.5TiO3系压电陶瓷，XRD分析表明所得陶瓷样品为纯的钙钛矿结构，其准同型相界在x=0．18～0．22之间；电子探针显微分析显示所做陶瓷样品晶粒发育良好，具有规则的外形和明显的晶界；实验所得陶瓷样品损耗tanδ最大不超过5％，最好的压电常数d33=153 pC／N，平面机电耦合系数kp=0．299，它们分别出现在x=0．22和0．20处。