硼酸镁晶须应用研究新进展

硼酸镁晶须是继硼酸铝晶须后的又一高性能低成本的晶须,其原料广,具有成本低廉、良好的机械强度和电绝缘性以及无毒无害无污染等优异性能,可作为增强增韧材料添加到其他材料中,是一种应用前景广阔的晶须材料。随着社会对轻质、高效材料的需求越来越大,以及对硼酸镁晶须理论问题的不断深入研究和制备技术的不断开发与完善,可以预见,硼酸镁晶须产品将会展现出极为广阔的应用前景。综述了硼酸镁晶须表面改性问题及其做为填充材料增强金属、树脂、陶瓷等的应用。     

硼酸镁晶须的制备与应用研究

系统地介绍了硼酸镁晶须在制备工艺及其应用技术领域的国内外研究现状,通过详细对比分析当前各种硼酸镁晶须的制备方法,回顾硼酸镁晶须的应用范围和增强效果,指出了硼酸镁晶须在制备、应用中存在的问题,以期对中国硼酸镁晶须的开发和综合利用起到促进作用。最后就硼酸镁晶须今后的发展趋势作了展望。     

Flame retardancy,antifungal efficacies,and physical–mechanical properties for wood/polymer composites containing zinc borate

This work aimed to examine flame retardancy, antifungal performance and physical–mechanical properties for silane‐treated wood–polymer composites (WPCs) containing zinc borate (ZnB). ZnB with content from 0.0 to 7.0 wt% was added to WPCs, and silane‐treated wood contents were varied. The polymers used were poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). The decay test was performed according to the European standard EN 113. Loweporus sp., a white‐rot fungus, was used for antifungal performance evaluation. Antifungal performance was observed to decrease with wood content. Incorporation of ZnB at 1.0 wt% significantly increased the antifungal performance of WPCs. ZnB content of greater than 1.0 wt% lowered the antifungal properties of WPCs. The results suggested that the wood/PVC composite exhibited better antifungal performance than the wood/HDPE composite. The addition of wood flour to PVC and HDPE decreased flame retardancy, whereas the incorporation of ZnB retained the flame retardancy. ZnB was found to be more appropriate for wood/PVC than wood/HDPE as a result of hydrogen chloride generated from the dehydrochlorination reaction of PVC. The results indicated that the addition of ZnB did not affect the physical‐mechanical properties of neat polymers and the composites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种含磷硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的制备及性能研究

试验采用酯化法,选用乙醇作为带水剂,以十六醇、硼酸与五氧化二磷为原料,在一定的条件下反应,生成一种水解稳定性高、抗磨性能好的含磷硼酸酯润滑油添加剂。合成的最佳反应条件为十六醇、硼酸与五氧化二磷的摩尔比为7∶2∶1,反应温度为105~110℃,脱水反应4 h。用四球机测试含该添加剂的基础油的抗磨性能,结果表明试验制备的含磷硼酸添加剂能显著提高基础油的抗磨性能,且其添加剂存在一个最佳值。将所合成的含磷硼酸酯润滑油添加剂在新东北电气集团罐体车间试用,润滑效果与抗磨性能非常适宜。     

Separation of Trimethyl Borate from a Liquid Mixture by Pervaporation

Four commercial polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes were applied to the pervaporation of an azeotropic mixture containing trimethyl borate, a precursor to boronic acids used in Suzuki couplings and a gaseous anti‐oxidant in solder flux or brazing. The degree of cross‐linking of the chains in the active layer played a crucial role in the membrane process using the membranes PERVAP 4155‐80, PERVAP 4155‐40 and PERVAP 4155‐30. PERVAP 4155‐30 reached the best results from all tested membranes; an impressive selectivity with fast permeation was also achieved with the PERVAP 4060 membrane. Methanol preferentially passed through PERVAP 4155‐30, but trimethyl borate was favorably pervaporated from the mixture by PERVAP 6040, due to the diverse affinities of the membranes.     

A facile method for preparation of PGS@ZB‐N and gas‐sol alternating synergistic effect for fire resistance of EVA

Through the simple precipitation of palygorskite (PGS) by zinc borate (ZB) (to make PGS@ZB) and the decoration of PGS@ZB by dodecylamine (N), a novel organic‐inorganic@inorganic hybrid flame retardant of PGS@ZB‐N was prepared and was incorporated with ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) to improve its flame retardance. The structure and morphology of PGS@ZB‐N were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and it was confirmed that the PGS@ZB‐N hybrid had been successfully prepared. The flame retardancy and burning behavior of EVA/PGS@ZB‐N/EG (EG = expandable graphite) composite were studied through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 (by the vertical burning test), and cone calorimeter test (CCT) characterizations. The prepared EVA/PGS@ZB‐N/EG composite obtained an LOI value of 41.2% with the addition of 30 wt% PGS@ZB‐N/EG. It was found that EVA/PGS@ZB‐N/EG was protected through a gas phase and condensed phase alternating synergistic effect mechanism.     

分散剂Zr-201在橡胶中的应用研究

考察了新型硼酸酯分散剂Zr-201对天然橡胶胶料加工性能和胎面胶物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,Zr-201具有增塑作用,能降低NR混炼能耗和排胶温度,降低胶料的粘度,提高流动性;能改善NR的挤出特性,减小挤出口型膨胀,提高挤出物的表面光滑程度;Zr-201能提高N330炭黑在NR中的分散性;能缩短硫化时间和焦烧时间;Zr-201能明显提高胎面胶的撕裂强度,能提高硫化胶的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和拉伸永久变形,降低定伸应力,硬度和耐老化性,对耐磨性影响不大。     

硼酸三甲酯-甲醇-氯化锂体系液液平衡的测定

分别采用Othmer法和液液平衡釜法测定了298.15K下硼酸三甲酯-甲醇-氯化锂三元体系的液液平衡数据。实验发现：氯化锂的摩尔分率对硼酸三甲酯在甲醇中的溶解度影响较大。在平衡的酯相和醇相中,当醇相中氯化锂的质量百分数小于12．99％时,醇相的密度小于酯相;当醇相中氯化锂的质量百分数大于14．24％时,醇相的密度大于酯相;酯相中硼酸三甲酯的质量百分数最高达98.8％,而氯化锂仅为0．01％。液液平衡的测定为氯化锂盐析工艺提供基础研究。     

硼酸铝晶须增强涂料的冲刷磨损性能研究

为了提高涂料的耐冲刷性能,采用在环氧酚醛涂料里添加分散好的硼酸铝晶须的方法,制备出一种晶须增强涂料。采用冲刷磨损试验机测试涂料的耐冲刷性能,结果表明,晶须增强涂料的冲刷磨损失重量明显小于环氧酚醛涂料,最合理配比为10%硼酸铝晶须+涂料,其冲刷磨损量为环氧酚醛涂料的1/3。晶须的钉扎连接作用消除了涂料固化的孔洞,提高了涂料的耐磨性能。     

锂离子电池电解质锂盐双草酸硼酸锂的研究进展

介绍了新型锂盐双草酸硼酸锂(LiBOB)的基本性质,归纳了其合成、检测和提纯方法,重点阐述了LiBOB在石墨类负极上的成膜性能,综述了LiBOB的溶解性和电导率、热稳定性及在固体电解质中的应用,总结了LiBOB基电解质的不足,指明了其未来的研究方向。