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711.
Dr.-Ing. Felix Clauß Dr.-Ing. Patrick Forman M.Sc. Jannis Rose M.Sc. Magdalena Kühl Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Peter Mark 《Beton- und Stahlbetonbau》2023,118(12):852-863
Optimization-based placement of individual void formers in plates Material savings are crucial in the construction industry. Without it, the worldwide climate targets cannot be achieved. In concrete slabs, void formers offer that opportunity. They displace up to 35 % of the concrete volume in regions of low shear or bending stresses. So far, special void formers have been used for each case. In this article, an optimization procedure is derived that surpasses established approaches in two respects. At first, it enables, depending on the capacity reserves, arbitrary shapes and sizes of void formers to be combined in one slab. The shapes can be arbitrarily rectangular, spherical, or ellipsoidal and are generalized by so-called superellipsoids. Moreover, the optimization is coupled to the determination of the internal forces of the slab. The stiffness-based change of the internal force distribution by the void formers is an integral part of the procedure. Thus, subsequent checks of internal forces become unnecessary. The core of the optimization procedure is the computational variation of the density, which is linked to the remaining concrete material. The load-bearing capacity is verified by minimum compression zone heights (bending) and reduced resistances of not shear-reinforced slabs (shear force). Two examples show the practical application on plate strips and flat slabs, respectively. 相似文献
712.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2023,43(8):3447-3453
Producing ceramic asymmetric membranes usually requires several steps to prepare macroporous support and then the selective layer deposition. This process is energy and time-consuming, which is expensive. In this sense, the one-step centrifugal casting technique is an interesting alternative. Therefore, this work aimed to prepare ultrafiltration ceramic membranes by the centrifugal casting method, investigating the effect of a pore-forming agent on membrane performance. Different concentrations of activated carbon were used in the alumina suspension, and then the tubes were molded, dried, and sintered. The membranes' shrinkage, morphology, apparent porosity, hydraulic permeance, and BSA protein retention were evaluated to identify the effect of using the pore-forming agent. The membrane prepared without activated carbon rejected 91% of the BSA molecules (66 kDa), indicating its molecular weight cut-off. Using more than 2.5% of activated carbon increased the porosity and hydraulic permeance of the membranes, but at the expense of low BSA retention. 相似文献
713.
Xuefei Ke Xiaowei Wang Yadan Wang Xiaoming Ren Haizheng Tao 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2023,106(12):7449-7459
By using the aerodynamic levitation and laser melting technique to well extend the glass-forming region into the Mg-rich and peraluminous regime, a series of magnesium aluminosilicate glasses were prepared to investigate the Mg and Al mixed effects on thermal properties, including glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization behavior, and thermal stability. With the gradual substitution of Mg by Al, Tg exhibits two types of near-linear rises with different slopes in two compositional regions separated by r = 0.57, where r is equal to the molar ratio of [Al2O3]/([Al2O3] + [MgO]). Moreover, when it comes to other properties, that is, crystallization behavior and thermal stability, this critical point precisely appears at the same r = 0.57. Compared to the slower increase of Tg in Mg-rich region, the steeper rise of Tg in the peraluminous region is mainly ascribed to the step-by-step formation of oxygen triclusters driven by Pauling's second rule. Moreover, the occurrence of the critical point for Tg rise at r = 0.57 rather than the theoretical 0.5 can be seen as a proof of the role of Mg cations partly as a network former. 相似文献
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715.
Tsunehiko Sugawara Toshihide Murakami 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2003,11(1):133-138
Abstract— The next goal to minimize the bulkiness of CRTs is most likely to attain half the depth of conventional CRTs, while keeping the weight within a reasonable range. Several innovations for reducing the bulkiness of glass bulbs for wide‐deflection‐angle CRTs have been made and further technologies are being developed by improving material and structural approaches. The integrated glass technology based on these innovations will provide a lightweight shallow glass bulb and the impetus to achieve this goal. 相似文献
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为探究细叶百合鳞茎活性物质含量与生态因子之间的关系,以宁夏地区自然分布的8个采样地的细叶百合为试验材料,采用福林-肖卡法、硫酸-苯酚法、香草醛-冰醋酸显色法、溴甲酚绿显色法、TOC仪法、全自动凯氏定氮法、钒钼黄比色法、紫外分光光度比色法测定细叶百合鳞茎中4种活性物质(总酚、多糖、皂苷、生物碱)含量及土壤中总有机碳、全氮和全磷的含量。采用冗余分析方法分析细叶百合鳞茎活性物质含量与16个生态因子(经度、纬度、海拔、年均温度、年平均最低温、年平均最高温、水蒸汽压、年均降雨量、风速、太阳总辐射、土壤总有机碳、全磷、全氮、土壤碳氮比、碳磷比和氮磷比)的相关性。结果表明:宁夏细叶百合鳞茎中总酚、多糖、皂苷和生物碱平均含量分别为2.11,19.95,1.44,12.57 mg/g。RDA分析表明,环境变量对4种活性物质总解释量为61.6%,宁夏细叶百合鳞茎中皂苷含量随水蒸气压、年均降雨量的增加而增加,随纬度、太阳总辐射的增加而降低;多糖和生物碱含量随气候因子变化无显著变化规律。土壤中全氮含量增加能明显提高细叶百合鳞茎中皂苷和多糖含量;细叶百合鳞茎多酚类物质含量随土壤碳磷比的增加而增加,生物碱含量随土壤全磷含量的增加而减少。 相似文献
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719.
720.
为降低正交异性钢桥面板疲劳开裂的风险,提出带球扁钢纵肋的轻型组合桥面板方案。以洞庭湖二桥轻型组合桥面板为工程背景,建立钢桁梁局部有限元模型和球扁纵肋-横隔板连接细节的子模型,并基于热点应力法,对横隔板上开孔孔型和厚度进行了参数分析。研究表明:球扁纵肋-横隔板连接处3个典型疲劳细节的疲劳性能受横隔板厚度影响显著|综合比较,苹果型开孔的疲劳性能最优。为进一步验证轻型组合桥面板的球扁钢纵肋-横隔板连接处3个细节的疲劳性能,开展了足尺模型疲劳试验,试验模型采用16mm厚带苹果型开孔的横隔板设计。疲劳试验中,控制细节(横隔板切口自由边缘)的应力幅为90.6MPa,历经250万次循环加载后,试验模型中典型疲劳细节均未出现疲劳裂纹。这表明,带球扁钢纵肋的轻型组合桥面板关键细节的疲劳性能良好,能满足洞庭湖二桥的工程要求。 相似文献