河道烧录算法提取出断裂河网的必要条件探究

河道烧录算法是比较常用的基于实际河网修正提取模拟河网的方法。该方法能有效地提取出同实际河网高相似度的模拟河网。然而,在某些情况下,所提取的河网会产生"断裂"现象。深入研究发现,出现"断裂"的必要条件是:(1)实际河网栅格中存在全局高估栅格;(2)实际河网源头栅格正好位于DEM有效数据边界上。在实际应用中,只要消除两个条件中的任何一个,即可有效地避免提取出"断裂"的模拟河网。     

Liquid-fuel burning with nonunitary Lewis number

An analysis is presented for liquid-fuel vaporization and burning with nonunitary Lewis number (i.e., nonsimilar heat and mass diffusion) in a general geometrical situation, e.g., a dense spray. Variable transport properties are considered and only Stefan flow is allowed. The analysis builds on the approach of Imaoka and Sirignano for unitary Lewis number. Fickian diffusion with differing diffusivities for each species is considered. It is shown that the problem can conveniently be separated, using a mass-flux potential function, into a one-dimensional problem for the quasi-steady, gas-phase scalar properties and a three-dimensional problem for the mass-flux potential, which satisfies Laplace's equation. This allows some previous calculations of the potential function for unitary Lewis number to be used for the potential-function solution. The scalar properties are shown to be functions of the mass-flux potential only. It is demonstrated that a mass-flux-weighted sensible specific enthalpy is more natural and convenient than the traditional mass-weighted value. This modification results in a new definition of the Lewis number. A generalization of the classical Spalding heat transfer number is presented. The theory predicts scalar gas-phase profiles, flame position, and vaporization rates. Quantitative results are presented for special cases where the Lewis number is piecewise constant. The thin-flame temperature and the effective latent heat of vaporization can be determined as functions of the liquid-surface temperature via solution of nonlinear algebraic equations; these values do not depend on the specific configuration and therefore have some universality.     

新材料、新技术、新工艺在韦水倒虹吸加固工程中的应用

通过论述韦水倒虹吸加固工程中新材料、新技术、新工艺的应用及探索，为水利水电工程结构加固改造提供了有益的实践经验。     

The Effect of Ambient Temperature and Boron Content on the Burning Rate of the B/Pb3O4 Delay Compositions

The burning rates of B/Pb₃O₄ delay compositions were investigated. Boron content was varied from 1 to 16% and the ambient temperature from ?50°C up to 70°C. The measured burn rates increased as both parameters were increased and ranged from 1.28 to 3.12 cm/s. The data were correlated using an empirical model.     

Nano-Ammonium Perchlorate: Preparation,Characterization, and Evaluation in Composite Propellant Formulation

Nanomaterials are finding applications in explosives and propellant formulations due to their large surface area and high surface energy. This high surface energy is responsible for the low activation energy and increase in burning rate of the composition. Therefore, a successful attempt has been made to prepare nano-ammonium perchlorate using a nonaqueous method by dissolving ammonium perchlorate (AP) in methanol followed by adding the dissolved AP to the hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), homogenization, and vacuum distillation of the solvent. The nano-AP thus formed was characterized using a NANOPHOX particle size analyzer (Sympatec, Germany), transmission electron microscopy (FEI, Hillsboro, OR), X-ray diffraction (PANalytical B.V., The Netherlands) and scanning electron microscopy (Ikon Analytical Equipment Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India) for particle size, purity, and morphology, respectively. The thermal behavior of nano-AP was also studied using differential thermal analysis–thermo gravimetric analysis (DTA-TGA). The data indicated that the particle size of the prepared AP was in the range of 21–52 nm and the thermal decomposition temperature was lower than that of coarse AP. Characterized nano-AP was subsequently used in composite propellant formulation up to 5% with 86% solid loading and studied for different properties. The results showed a 14% increase in burning rate in comparison to standard propellant composition with desired mechanical properties.     

空气钻井随钻监测技术及其应用

为解决现有录井监测系统不能满足空气钻井现场的需要,容易出现钻具失效、井下燃爆、地层出水及井壁坍塌等复杂钻井问题。基于井下燃爆理论和监测监控系统技术,以井下燃爆监测成果为基础,应用UBD气体监测系统及其配套分析技术;通过多次在空气钻井现场监测服务,验证了该监测系统及分析技术的合理性和实用性,为安全顺利实施空气钻井提供了技术保障。     

H08CrMoVA埋弧焊丝的研制

依据GB/T 12470—2003《埋弧焊用低合金钢焊丝和焊剂》,进行了H08CrMoVA埋弧焊丝的研制。根据焊接冶金学原理分析了H08CrMoVA埋弧焊丝的熔敷金属最佳成分,结合焊剂对焊丝成分的烧损及过渡,制定了H08CrMoVA埋弧焊丝的盘圆成分范围。按照GB/T 12470—2003对H08CrMoVA埋弧焊丝配合CHF101,CHF350和CHF603焊剂进行熔敷金属性能检测,检测结果显示熔敷金属性能优良。     

超稠油燃煤介质炉地面保温伴热工艺技术研究

方法　针对杜 84块既无套管气又无外供天然气的情况 ,借鉴杜 32块地面导热油油循环伴热工艺 ,进行燃煤介质炉地面伴热工艺试验研究。目的　解决曙一区超稠油区块开发前期采用电加热方法进行地面原油加热保温吨油成本高、技术难度大的问题。结果　该技术在杜 84块 42 #平台试验成功后 ,在杜 32块新井平台和杜 84块平台进行了推广应用 ,截止 2 0 0 0年 5月 ,已推广使用 5 5个平台 ,吨油成本下降了 15 .5元。结论　该技术加热效果和效率已受到 1999年两次寒流的考验 ,生产运行状况良好 ,具有推广应用价值。     

石油焦着火和燃烧燃烬特性的试验研究

用热重分析方法对石油焦的着火及燃烬特性进行研究 ,发现石油焦的着火温度随颗粒直径的增加和质量的减小而增加 ,石油焦的燃烬率随颗粒直径的减小、升温速率的减小和样品质量的减小而增加。石油焦的燃烧特性处于烟煤和无烟煤之间     

Laminar burning velocity measurements of liquid fuels at elevated pressures and temperatures with combustion residuals

The laminar burning velocity is a fundamental property of a fuel that affects many aspects of its combustion behaviour. Experimental values are required to validate kinetic simulations, and also to provide input for models of flashback, minimum ignition energy and turbulent combustion.A constant volume vessel (rated at 3.4 MPa) in conjunction with a multi-zone model was used to calculate burning velocity from pressure and schlieren data, allowing the user to select data uncorrupted by heat transfer or cellularity. Using the pressure rise data allows measurements to be derived for much higher pressures and temperatures than when the constant pressure data are used. A 12 term correlation for burning velocity was fitted to the data.n-Heptane, iso-octane, toluene, ethylbenzene and ethanol were tested over a wide range of initial pressures (50, 100, 200 and 400 kPa), temperatures (310, 380 and 450 K) and equivalence ratios (0.7–1.4), along with tests using combustion residuals at mole fractions of up to 0.3. The results compared favourably with the limited data already published, especially at high pressures. Conditions at the onset of cellularity are given for iso-octane.