Exploring inattention and distraction in the SafetyNet Accident Causation Database

Distraction and inattention are considered to be very important and prevalent factors in the causation of road accidents. There have been many recent research studies which have attempted to understand the circumstances under which a driver becomes distracted or inattentive and how distraction/inattention can be prevented. Both factors are thought to have become more important in recent times partly due to the evolution of in-vehicle information and communication technology. This study describes a methodology that was developed to understand when factors such as distraction and inattention may have been contributors to crashes and also describes some of the consequences of distraction and inattention in terms of subsequent driver actions.     

基于拉夫堡ConAC模型的建筑业起重机械事故致因分析

为更好地探索分析建筑业起重机械事故原因,以国家住建部网站获取的 2012~2017 年起重伤害事故部分调查报告为样本,采用拉夫堡 ConAC 模型,开展建筑业起重设备事故原因调查和分析。同时运用事故路径网络图进一步分析各层原因之间的因果关系。结果表明,建筑业起重机械事故三大致因分别为:动作行为、监督管理、风险管理;追溯到事故发生的本质原因形成如重物坠落打击伤害类型事故链,为建筑企业安全管理提供科学的依据和决策。     

YT-1000型调速器主接力器漏油处理及减速器用油问题

YT—1000型调速器由于生产于上世纪80年代,受当时技术条件限制,设备存在缺陷,主接力器漏油现象比较严重。作者就主接力器漏油的成因进行分析,并提出相应处理对策。同时针对众多水电站调速器减速齿轮用油问题提出意见。     

工程管理对建设工程质量的影响分析及对策

建设工程质量不仅关系工程的适用性和建设投资效果,而且关系到人民群众生命财产的安全,工程质量问题越来越成为人们关注的热点,值得深思.文章剖析了影响工程质量的主要因素并提出应采取的相应措施与对策.     

Introduction to the special section on Campbell’s and Rubin’s conceptualizations of causality.

Causality plays a fundamental role in scientific explanation. This introduction describes 2 target articles and 3 commentaries on 2 influential perspectives on causal inference, one developed by Donald Campbell and the other developed by Donald Rubin. One goal of this special section is to introduce Rubin’s causal model to psychologists who may be largely unfamiliar with it. Another goal is to compare Rubin’s conceptualization with Campbell’s perspective, to enrich readers’ understanding of both views. All of the authors of this special section perceive many similarities between the 2 approaches. Even so, by comparing and contrasting the 2 perspectives, the authors also believe that it is possible to strengthen both approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

水泥地面空鼓裂缝的成因与预防

分析了水泥地面产生空鼓裂缝的位置和形态以及成因,并提出了预防措施.     

重庆渝北御临河流域水体污染现状及防治对策

御临河是位于三峡库区的一条较大的次级河流,根据<三峡库区及其上游水污染防治规划(2001-2010)>的要求,必须进行御临河流域水环境污染治理.通过对重庆市渝北区御临河水环境污染现状调查与评价,分析了御临河水环境污染的原因,提出了御临河水环境污染防治对策.     

On Refinement-Closed Security Properties and Nondeterministic Compositions

Refinement-closed security properties allow the verification of systems for all possible implementations. Some systems, however, have refinements that do not represent possible implementations. In particular, real instantiations of abstract systems comprising security-critical components surrounded by maximally hostile unrefined components are often characterised only by compositions of refinements of the abstract system's components, rather than all refinements of the abstract system. In this case, refinement-closed security properties that examine multiple behaviours of a system at once can be falsely violated by the presence of inconsistent pairs of behaviour arising from different, incompatible refinements of the system's components.We show how to weaken a class of such properties, which includes both information flow and causation properties, to allow them to be applied to these sorts of abstract systems. The weakened properties ignore all pairs of inconsistent behaviour that would have violated the original property from which they are derived. We also show how to adapt existing automated tests for these properties to allow them to be used to test for their weakened counterparts instead. This enables greater flexibility in the application of these sorts of properties to compositions of nondeterministic components.     

地下燃气管网事故的致因理论分析

论述了早期的燃气管网事故致因分析方法、燃气管网事故致因综合分析法。分析了近年来发生的几起典型燃气管网泄漏事故的原因,明确了导致事故发生的各种原因之间的因果关系,找出导致事故发生的本质原因。提出了修正的燃气管网事故致因理论,对燃气管网安全运行状况的改善提出了建议。     

关于某住宅楼现浇板裂缝的成因及处理的探讨

以某一具体工程为例,结合自身工作经验,对现浇板裂缝成因进行了分析,对结构安全情况进行了论述,提出了裂缝的处理方法,解决了现浇板裂缝的预防控制处理问题,以期指导施工实践。