基于Web的冲天炉优化配料系统

用Java语言基于线性规划的理论开发了一个冲天炉的最低成本配料系统,并且采用B/S模式实现。应用数据库服务器储存各种原材料的数据信息,方便数据的维护。该系统使用方便,运行可靠,在精确控制铸件化学成分的前提下,使成本达到最低。     

化学气相沉积法制备碳化铬薄膜的研究

以三（2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮）化铬为前驱体,采用化学气相沉积（CVD）法在氧化铝（Al₂O₃）陶瓷基板上制备碳化铬（Cr₃C₂）薄膜,其中沉积温度为723 K至923 K,沉积时间为1 200 s。研究了不同沉积温度对Cr₃C₂薄膜的相组成、择优取向、宏观表面、微观结构及电学性能的影响。结果表明,在723 K至923 K下制备得到具有高度（130）择优取向的Cr₃C₂薄膜。随着沉积温度的升高,Cr₃C₂薄膜表面先由光滑变粗糙,后逐渐变光滑;薄膜晶粒呈椭球型生长;薄膜的厚度先增加后减小,从而导致电阻先减小后增大。在798 K时制备得到厚度最大且电阻最小的（130）择优取向的最佳Cr₃C₂薄膜。同时,在实验条件下Cr₃C₂薄膜表面存在少量的碳和Cr₂O₃。     

多级结构MoS2/C复合材料的储锂性能

利用二硫化钼和葡萄糖为原料,采用一锅乙醇/水复合溶剂热-后热处理法制备了绣球花状结构MoS₂/C复合材料。考查了乙醇/水复合溶剂的合理组成和MoS₂/C复合材料中碳的合理含量,分别采用SEM和TEM表征了MoS₂/C材料的形貌结构,通过TGA测试和计算了材料中的碳含量。采用循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗等测试了MoS₂/C复合电极的电化学性能。结果表明,MoS₂/C复合材料拥有多级花球状结构,缓解了MoS₂的团聚,使电极材料的利用率和电化学稳定性显著提高。当V（乙醇）：V（水）为1：2,碳含量为50%时,MoS₂/C复合电极在200 mA·g^-1的电流密度下,充放电循环100次后,可逆容量达到762 mA·h·g^-1。     

The dynamic evolution of aggregated lithium dendrites in lithium metal batteries

Lithium (Li) metal anodes promise an ultrahigh theoretical energy density and low redox potential,thus being the critical energy material for next-generation batteries.Unfortunately,the formation of Li den-drites in Li metal anodes remarkably hinders the practical applications of Li metal anodes.Herein,the dynamic evolution of discrete Li dendrites and aggregated Li dendrites with increasing current densities is visualized by in-situ optical microscopy in conjunction with ex-situ scanning electron microscopy.As revealed by the phase field simulations,the formation of aggregated Li dendrites under high current den-sity is attributed to the locally concentrated electric field rather than the depletion of Li ions.More specif-ically,the locally concentrated electric field stems from the spatial inhomogeneity on the Li metal surface and will be further enhanced with increasing current densities.Adjusting the above two factors with the help of the constructed phase field model is able to regulate the electrodeposited morphology from aggregated Li dendrites to discrete Li dendrites,and ultimately columnar Li morphology.The methodol-ogy and mechanistic understanding established herein give a significant step toward the practical appli-cations of Li metal anodes.     

Technology for recycling and regenerating graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries

With the annual increase in the amount of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the development of spent LIBs recycling technology has gradually attracted attention. Graphite is one of the most critical materials for LIBs, which is listed as a key energy source by many developed countries. However, it was neglected in spent LIBs recycling, leading to pollution of the environment and waste of resources. In this paper, the latest research progress for recycling of graphite from spent LIBs was summarized. Especially, the processes of pretreatment, graphite enrichment and purification, and materials regeneration for graphite recovery are introduced in details. Finally, the problems and opportunities of graphite recycling are raised.     

A panoramic view of Li7P3S11 solid electrolytes synthesis,structural aspects and practical challenges for all-solid-state lithium batteries

The development of an inorganic electrochemical stable solid-state electrolyte is essentially responsible for future state-of-the-art all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Because of their advantages in safety, working temperature, high energy density, and packaging, ASSLBs can develop an ideal energy storage system for modern electric vehicles (EVs). A solid electrolyte (SE) model must have an economical synthesis approach, exhibit electrochemical and chemical stability, high ionic conductivity, and low interfacial resistance. Owing to its highest conductivity of 17 mS·cm^-1, and deformability, the sulfide-based Li₇P₃S₁₁ solid electrolyte is a promising contender for the high-performance bulk type of ASSLBs. Herein, we present a current glimpse of the progress of synthetic procedures, structural aspects, and ionic conductivity improvement strategies. Structural elucidation and mechanistic approaches have been extensively discussed by using various characterization techniques. The chemical stability of Li₇P₃S₁₁ could be enhanced via oxide doping, and hard and soft acid/base (HSAB) concepts are also discussed. The issues to be undertaken for designing the ideal solid electrolytes, interfacial challenges, and high energy density have been discoursed. This review aims to provide a bird's eye view of the recent development of Li₇P₃S₁₁-based solid-state electrolyte applications and explore the strategies for designing new solid electrolytes with a target-oriented approach to enhance the efficiency of high energy density all-solid-state lithium batteries.     

高海拔变电站蓄电池及UPS容量选择及修正

高海拔地区环境温度、空气密度及气压低,在选择变电站站用蓄电池及UPS容量时应进行必要的修正,以满足变电站的用电需求。结合阿里与藏中联网工程的某500 k V变电站项目,对高海拔变电站蓄电池及UPS容量选择进行了探讨分析,希望能为类似工程提供参考。     

考虑V2B智慧充电桩群的低碳楼宇优化调度

建筑减排是实现中国碳达峰和碳中和目标的重要途径,而丰富的负荷侧调控手段是新型电力系统的发展趋势和要求.提出了一种高比例光伏接入的低碳楼宇电能管理框架,楼宇可控负荷包含电动汽车智慧充电桩群和温控负荷.考虑用户响应度和楼宇用电最大需量约束,建立了基于电动汽车接入楼宇(V2B)技术的电动汽车智慧充电桩群模型和基于舒适度范围的温控负荷模型,以购电费用与激励费用之和最小为目标,求解楼宇的日发用电计划.基于碳减排量,设计了需求侧的环境友好评估指标,用于衡量楼宇的节能效果.以两部制分时电价为背景,选取夏季高温日的办公楼宇为算例,验证所建模型在极端天气下的电能调控能力.结果表明所建模型能有效降低楼宇的月度需量阈值,同时通过空调节能和光伏利用等措施显著降低了楼宇的碳排放量.     

不同倍率下磷酸铁锂电池模组过充热失控特性研究

随着电化学储能技术在电力系统中的广泛应用,电化学储能技术的安全性越来越受到重视。文中以储能用磷酸铁锂电池模组(8.8 kW·h, 25.6 V,344 A·h)为研究对象,进行3次不同倍率(0.4C,0.5C,1C)的恒流过充试验,研究其在不同充电倍率条件下的过充热失控特性,并辅以starccm+软件进行热场仿真计算。结果表明,电池模组在额定充电倍率0.5C(172 A)和1C(344 A)下持续过充会发生起火,起火时间随着充电倍率增加而减少;充电倍率对磷酸铁锂电池模组过充行为特性影响较大,随着充电倍率的增加,热失控最高温度和峰值电压升高,过充测试时间随着充电倍率的升高而降低;不同充电倍率条件下,电池安全阀首次打开时的电压均为1.7倍额定电压,可以进一步研究以作为电池热失控预警参数。文中研究成果可为规模化储能用磷酸铁锂电池的安全性研究和电池管理系统(BMS)对过充故障的安全管理提供参考。     

基于碳化硅器件的无线充电系统电源设计

碳化硅(SiC)器件耐高频高温、散热性能好、导通电阻小,应用于无线充电系统可有效提高无线充电系统的效率。文中首先对比了SiC材料与Si材料的特性,在此基础上研制了一套基于SiC器件的无线充电系统电源装置。该装置由整流模块和逆变模块构成,输入端接市电,且装置的整流模块具有功率因数校正功能。文中详细给出了整流模块的整流桥选型策略、滤波电路参数设计方法、Boost电路功率器件和无源元件设计原则及开关管控制电路设计方法,还给出了逆变模块的开关管选型策略、开关管驱动电路和开关管保护电路的设计方法。最后,实验结果验证了方案的有效性和可行性,输入侧实现了高功率因数,逆变电路开关管电压振荡得到抑制,实验样机的效率峰值可达98.2%。