Synthesis and characterization of La0.8Sr0.2MO3−δ (M=Mn, Fe, or Co) cathode materials by induction plasma technology

In this work, nanopowders of perovskite cathode materials (La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO_3−δ, La_0.8Sr_0.2FeO_3−δ, and La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO_3−δ), for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), were successfully synthesized, using induction plasma techniques. Their compositions, structures, morphology, particle size distributions, and BET specific surface areas were determined for comparison with their counterparts prepared by the Pechini method and by the glycine-nitrate combustion (GNC) technique. The particle sizes of the plasma-synthesized powders are mostly around 63 nm. These plasma-synthesized powders are generally globular, their BET specific surface areas being about 26 m²g⁻¹, approximately twice those of powders prepared by the GNC and Pechini methods. These plasma-synthesized powders are readily reproducible and are not agglomerated. Their individual particle sizes and distributions are very independent of their composition.     

Preparation and characterization of GaN films grown on Ga-diffused Si （111） substrates

Hexagonal GaN films were prepared by nitriding Ga2O3 films with flowing ammonia. Ga2O3 films were deposited on Ga-diffused Si (111) substrates by radio frequency (r.f.) magnetron sputtering. This paper have investigated the change of structural properties of GaN films nitrided in NH3 atmosphere at the temperatures of 850, 900, and 950℃ for 15 min and nitrided at the temperature of 900℃ for 10, 15, and 20 rain, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the structure, surface morphology and composition of synthesized samples. The results reveal that the as-grown films are polycrystalline GaN with hexagonal wurtzite structure and GaN films with the highest crystal quality can be obtained when nitrided at 900℃ for 15 min.     

Synthesis mechanism of titanium carbide nano-fiber during self-propagating high temperature synthesis

Titanium carbide nano-fiber was synthesized by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) method. The final products after the SHS reaction were titanium carbide containing excess carbon and metallic titanium, which were removed by additional leaching process. TEM observation revealed that the average diameter is about 20 nm. Neutron diffraction analysis was carried out to study non-stoichiometric number of the titanium carbide. The non-stoichiometric numbers of the titanium carbide were 0.89–0.94. The Rietveld refinement of each patterns converged to good agreement (÷2=0.49–1.34). The formation mechanism of the carbide is related to a liquid-solid reaction including the preferential diffusion process of carbon atom into liquid titanium. This article is based on a presentation made in the 2002 Korea-US symposium on the “Phase Transformations of Nano-Materials,” organized as a special program of the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, held at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea on October 25–26, 2002.     

松香基咪唑啉的合成及其性能的研究

 以松香和多乙烯多胺为原料合成了松香基咪唑啉(ORI)。并通过正交实验，对影响反应的各个因数进行模拟回归，得出适宜的反应条件：反应温度在230℃～240℃，二乙烯三胺和松香的摩尔用量比为1.6∶1，反应时间为5小时，体系的真空度2.67 kPa～5.33 kPa.     

等离子熔覆原位合成TiC陶瓷颗粒增强复合涂层的组织与性能

利用等离子熔覆技术,在廉价的碳钢表面原位合成了TiC/Ni基复合材料涂层.借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计对复合涂层的组织、结构、性能进行了测试.结果表明:当Ti C含量为10%～20%时,熔覆层成形良好,与基体呈冶金结合,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷;熔覆层的组织为γ-Ni枝晶、M23C6、CrB及原位合成的TiC陶瓷颗粒,TiC大部分呈球状,少量呈方块状,尺寸为1～2 μm,靠近熔覆层底部的TiC颗粒比近表层的为小,均弥散分布于熔覆层中;熔覆层显微硬度达HV0.1 1000,是碳钢基体的4倍.     

Comparison between Ni-Cr-40vol%TiC wear-resistant plasma sprayed coatings produced from self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and plasma densified powders

Plasma sprayed Ni-Cr-40vol%TiC coatings produced from powders obtained by self-propagating hightemperature synthesis (SHS) and plasma densification (PD) processes are characterized. Chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties, such as microhardness and wear resistance, are evaluated and compared. SHS coatings exhibit good sliding wear performance. The exact stoichiometry of titanium carbide inclusions in the metallic matrix affects the dimension of the crystal lattice parameter and was investigated by examining the shift of x-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of the TiC. A value of the combined carbon/titanium ratio of about 0.6 was calculated for both powders, thus excluding the influence of the stoichiometry of the carbide inclusions on the wear properties of the coatings.     

钢板表面燃烧合成的金属陶瓷复合涂层

用燃烧合成技术在钢板表面制备了金属陶瓷复合涂层。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、硬度测定及抗热震性等实验对合成的涂层进行了研究。结果表明：涂层主要是由Cr3C2，Cr2C3及AlN等多相金属陶瓷组成的复合体系，其显微组织均匀致密，与基体之间为冶金结合，硬度是基体的4～5倍，抗热震实验显示涂层具有良好的结合力。为改善涂层的润湿性，利用Cr与Fe在高温下形成的金属间化合物作为过渡层，取得了良好的效果。     

Photochemical synthesis of bimetallic Au-Ag nanoparticles with "core-shell" type structure by seed mediated catalytic growth

The colloidal Au core/Ag shell structure composite nanoparticles were synthesized in PEG-acetone solution by photochemical route. The monodispersed Au nanoparticles with average diameter of 3.9 nm were used as growth seeds. The optical property of colloids and the sizes of composite nanoparticles were characterized when the molar ratio of Au to Ag ranges from 4 : 1 to 1 : 4. The results show that a composite nanoparticle structure similar to strawberry shape is formed at the molar ratio of Au to Ag from 4 : 1 to 1 : 1; the composite nanoparticles consisting of a core of Au and shell of Ag were generated at the 1: 4 molar ratio, having a striking feature of forming interconnected network structure.     

Al2O3/TiAl复合材料的原位合成及反应机制的研究

利用Al-Ti-TiO2体系的放热反应,原位合成了Al2O3/TiAl复合材料.借助示差热分析法探讨了体系的反应机制,采用XRD、SEM和OM分析了复合材料的相组成及显微组织.结果表明,原位合成Al2O3/TiAl复合材料由TiAl、Ti3Al和Al2O3相组成,Al2O3颗粒分布于TiAl和Ti3Al双相交界处,并存在一定团聚.随其含量增加,团聚程度加剧,晶粒尺寸减小.Ti和Al反应生成TiAl3放出的热量使部分TiAl3相处于液相状态,熔融的体积分数约为87.87%,液相的存在提高了颗粒间的润湿性,同时放出的热量是引发后续反应的原因之一.TiAl3与Al-TiO2的还原反应生成的活性Ti原子结合最终生成了TiAl和Ti3Al相.     

水热合成锂离子正极材料LiMn2O4

将水热合成引入到Pechini方法制得了尖晶石结构的锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4，此方法不但节省原料，而且工艺简单易行。讨论了煅烧温度、粒度和比表面积因素对LiMn2O4电化学性能的影响。结果表明：在煅烧温度为650℃时，晶化完全，粒子尺寸适中，初始容量为122mAh／g。