丙烯酸型亲水涂料乳胶粒表面羧基分布的研究

研究了以苯乙烯为核,丙烯酸酯类为壳的核壳乳液,采用丙烯酸为功能性单体,成膜后羧基为极性基团分布在涂膜表面达到亲水目的。讨论了功能单体丙烯酸(AA)在乳胶粒表面的分布情况及其加量对涂膜亲水性的影响,通过电导滴定发现当AA的加入量为3%时,水相中游离的丙烯酸含量为5.57%,聚合物表面的羧基含量为36.11%,涂膜的亲水性达到最佳,水接触角为51.1°。本文还讨论了核壳法和核壳翻转法对乳胶粒表面羧基分布及涂膜亲水性能的影响,两者的电导滴定曲线形状一致,由两个当量点可以计算出水相中游离的丙烯酸含量为1.47%,而乳胶粒表面羧基分布的含量为43.59%,可见,用核壳翻转法合成的乳液,乳胶粒表面羧基分布含量比普通聚合方法合成的乳胶粒表面羧基分布含量高,涂膜亲水性进一步提高,水接触角降低为44.5°。     

影响氟改性硅丙乳液聚合及其聚合物膜表面特性的因素

采用种子乳液聚合方法制备了阴、阳离子型氟改性硅丙乳液,用红外光谱对聚合物进行了表征,考察了聚合温度、氟改性单体和种子乳液的用量、乳化剂用量和pH值等因素对转化率和聚合物膜与水之间接触角的影响。结果表明,该聚合物中含有聚硅氧烷链段和CF2基团;聚合温度对转化率的影响较显著;在阳离子乳化体系中,当聚硅氧烷种子乳液、含氟丙烯酸酯单体和乳化剂的用量分别为10%、10%和1.1%时,转化率可以达到90%左右,接触角达到104°以上;随着体系pH值的逐渐增大,阳离子型氟改性硅丙乳液的Zeta电位明显降低,但阴离子型乳液的Zeta电位变化较小。     

沙漠风积沙地基扩展基础抗拔现场试验研究

通过在新疆、宁夏和内蒙古典型沙漠地区完成的现浇混凝土和装配式2种扩展基础在上拔、上拔与水平力组合工况下的25个现场试验,获得了风积沙扩展基础抗拔荷载-位移曲线,并确定了各试验基础的抗拔极限承载力。按照"土重法"计算原理,得到了反映沙漠风积沙地基抗拔承载性能的极限"上拔角"。经统计分析,得到沙漠风积沙极限"上拔角"标准值为16.8°,该值考虑了沙漠风积沙的区域特征、基础型式与尺寸、荷载工况等因素,可为沙漠地区输电线路杆塔基础的工程设计提供依据。     

Wetting properties of polystyrene ionomers treated with plasma source ion implantation

The wetting properties of polystyrene‐based ionomers treated with plasma source ion implantation (PSII) were investigated by the measurement of water contact angles. When sulfonated ionomers were aged for a few days, the hydrophobic recovery for the ionomers became much slower than that for the nonionic polymers. However, when the samples were aged over 20 days, the water contact angle of the ionomers converged with that of the nonionic polymer. Thus, it was concluded that the ionic interaction between the ionic groups and the presence of ionic groups together resulted in the slow hydrophobic recovery and that the aging effect was significant for the ionomers. For the methacrylate ionomer of low ion content, on the other hand, it was found that the PSII treatment produced only a small change in hydrophobic recovery behavior. Thus, it was suggested that the low ionic content coupled with the small size of the ionic unit might cause changes only of a very insignificant degree in hydrophobic recovery behavior. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2500–2504, 2002     

Immobilization of biologically active species on PA‐6 foils treated by a dielectric barrier discharge

In the field of biomaterials and biomedical devices, surface activation has been focused on creating functional groups capable of preferential adsorption of biologically active species (proteins, enzymes, cells, drugs, etc.). In this way an interface can be created between the synthetic material and the biological medium, with the aim of increasing the compatibility of the implant with the human organism. In our experiments a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), in helium at atmospheric pressure, was used as the source of energy capable of creating active centers that render the functionalized surface favorable to immobilization of biological molecules. Retention of immunoglobulin (IgG) and heparin biomolecules on polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) surfaces after treatment by the DBD was analyzed by atomic force microscopy, adhesion evaluation, and measurement of the contact angle titration in order to assess this incorporation on the treated surfaces. The marked adsorption of the biomolecules on the active sites created by DBD on the exposed surfaces also was related to a complex set of processes, such as enhanced roughness, increased surface wettability, and modified distribution of cationic and anionic groups on the treated surfaces. All these factors could promote interfacial interactions between the specific groups of the biomolecules existing in the biological medium and the type of cationic and/or anionic groups present on the surface. The efficiency of the DBD treatment showed that the DBD technique is useful for preactivation of the polymer surface for immobilization of other biologically active species (such as drugs and enzymes). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1985–1990, 2003     

Thermal crosslinking of collagen immobilized on poly(acrylic acid) grafted poly(ethylene terephthalate) films

Graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto plasma‐treated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films was used to prepare surfaces suitable for collagen immobilization by dip‐coating. Such surfaces could be used as matrices for smooth muscle cell cultures in tissue engineering. Contact angle measurements showed that plasma‐treated and grafted PET films undergo considerable surface reorganization during storage under ambient conditions. However, after collagen immobilization the contact angle remained relatively stable. The amount of collagen initially attached to the film surface increased with increasing poly(acrylic acid) graft density, but subsequent washing in water led to significant collagen loss. This loss could nevertheless be substantially reduced by thermal crosslinking of the collagen in the range 110–130 °C. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations suggested that the washed crosslinked collagen has a very similar structure to that of the un‐crosslinked collagen. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1874–1880, 2002     

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrophobic TMES/TEOS Based Silica Aerogels

The experimental results on the effect of adding trimethylethoxysilane (TMES) as a co-precursor on the hydrophobicity and physical properties of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) based silica aerogels, are reported. The molar ratio of TEOS, ethanol (EtOH), water (0.001 M oxalic acid catalyst) was kept constant at 1:5:7 respectively, while the molar ratio of TMES/TEOS (A) was varied from 0 to 0.6. It has been observed that as the A value increases, the gelation time increases. The hydrophobicity was tested by measuring the contact angle, and the surface chemical modification was confirmed by the FTIR spectroscopy studies. The thermal stability of the hydrophobic aerogels was studied in the temperature range from 25 to 800°C. The hydrophobic nature of the aerogel could be maintained up to a temperature of 287°C and above this temperature the aerogels become hydrophilic. The bulk density and the optical transmittance of the aerogels have been found to decrease with increase in A value. The aerogels have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Optical transmittance, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Contact angle measurements.     

外加剂对陶瓷釉面表面性质的影响研究

研究了不同外加剂对陶瓷釉面表面性质的影响。研究表明 ,外加剂的加入可改变陶瓷釉面的表面张力 ,即影响液体对陶瓷釉面的润湿性能。在所选择的外加剂中 ,降低陶瓷釉面表面张力最强的为PbO ,其合适的加入量为 1.5 %。     

用接触角法测量聚合物共混体系的表面性能

利用接触角的方法研究了聚合物HDPF、PET及其共混物HDPE／PET的表面自由能、极化度以及与不同液体一水和甘油间界面张力的大小。     

Morphology, structure and properties of a poly(1-butene)/montmorillonite nanocomposite

A specifically formulated nanocomposite based on isotactic poly(1-butene) (PB) and montmorillonite was studied, by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and polarized light optical microscopy, investigating the polymorphism of the polymer, and examining the interaction between PB and the silicate. Montmorillonite was found to disrupt the ordered morphology of the polymer, determining a dramatic increase in the rate of the II→I phase transition. Interaction between polymer and clay was studied by TEM and SAXS also under a quantitative point of view. A significant enhancement of physical-mechanical properties was observed, even though exfoliation did not occur, but just a slight intercalation and a reduction in the size of tactoids.