Heat capacity of liquid and undercooled liquid metals and alloys

Trends in the dependences on temperature and concentration of experimentally determined heat capacities of liquid and undercooled liquid metals and alloys are discussed. A new adiabatic calorimeter for determining the heat capacity of liquid alloys up to 1500 K is described. The ability of several approximations and models to describe the different characteristics of the heat capacity of liquid and supercooled liquid metals and alloys is demonstrated.     

工序能力评价与经济分析

通过对工序能力的分析与评价 ,工序能力并非越高越好 ,提高工序能力有时意味着增加成本 ,故应作经济分析 ,本文介绍了一种经济分析的方法。     

Thermal analysis of polymer–water interactions and their relation to gas hydrate inhibition

Gas hydrates formed in oil production pipelines are crystalline solids where hydrocarbon gas molecules such as methane, propane, and their mixtures are trapped in a cagelike structure by hydrogen‐bonded water molecules to form undesirable plugs. Methanol and glycol are currently used to prevent these plugs via thermodynamic inhibition. Small amounts of water‐soluble polymers may provide an alternate approach for preventing gas hydrates. In this study, we expand the fundamental understanding of water–polymer systems with differential scanning calorimetry. Nonfreezable bound water was used to quantify polymer–water interactions and relate them to the chemical structure for a series of polymers, including acrylamides, cyclic lactams, and n‐vinyl amides. For good interactions, the water structure needs to be stabilized through hydrophobic interactions. An increased hydrophobicity of the pendant group also appears to favor polymer performance as a gas hydrate inhibitor. Good inhibitors, such as poly(diethyl acrylamide) and poly(N‐vinyl caprolactam), also show higher heat capacities, which indicate higher hydrophobicity, than poor performers such as polyzwitterions, in which hydrophilicity dominated. The phase behavior and thermodynamic properties of dilute polymer solutions were also evaluated through measurements of the heat of demixing and lower critical solution temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2642–2653, 2007     

Effect of volatiles collected above fecal pellets on behavior of the rabbit,Oryctolagus cuniculus,tested in an experimental chamber

Gas chromatographic techniques were used to trap and fractionate the volatile substances emanating from the fecal pellets of wild rabbits,Oryctolagus cuniculus, which incorporate the odor of the anal gland secretion. The volatiles were bubbled through water, trapped on Chromosorb 105, transferred to Silicone SF96 traps, passed through a GC capillary column, and retrapped on SF96. The behavioral effect of trapped and fractionated volatiles was determined in four series of bioassays involving 51 adult, male, wild-type rabbits in 112, ten-minute tests. The bioassay was based on the demonstration of territorial confidence by the rabbits under the influence of their own odor. In the bioassays of the unfractionated volatiles eluted from Chromosorb 105 and SF96 traps the animals were significantly more confident in the presence of the volatiles from their own fecal pellets. One of the two fractions of the total volatiles was ineffective while the effect of the other was less than that of the unfractionated odor. The results demonstrate that the gas chromatographic techniques can be used to manipulate complex mammalian odors with precision. Combined with a discriminative bioassay, this opens up the possibility of identifying the specific combinations of volatile substances involved in the formation of olfactory signals.     

常温脱氯剂与HCl气体反应动力学的研究

在固定床反应器中研究了自制的铁系常温脱氯剂与HCl气体的反应动力学,导出了计算脱氯剂氯容的动力学方程q=0.309[(exp(0.036t))/(exp(0.036t)+exp(61.9Z)-1)]×100%.根据该方程,可以计算各个时刻、床层不同深度处脱氯剂的氯容,从而判断脱氯剂的性能及其使用寿命.     

Effect of additives on formation of natural gas hydrate

The formation of natural gas hydrate (NGH) is studied in this work. Kinetics data of hydrate formation with no agitation were collected at various concentrations of the aqueous solutions with different additives such as alkylpolyglucside, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and potassium oxalate monohydrate. Various kinds of additive increased the formation rates of NGH and its storage capacity and reduced the induction time of NGH formation. Moreover, the storage capacity, the induction time and the hydrate formation rate were influenced by the concentration of the aqueous solution.     

大液相负荷下斜孔塔板的流体力学性能

针对大液相负荷气液传质操作 ,通过冷模实验 ,重新确定了普通斜孔塔板的液体力学性能 ,并给出了新的关联式。同时基于普通正排斜孔塔板在大液量操作条件下压降大 ,泄漏和雾沫夹带严重等缺点 ,沿用梯形导向浮阀的思想 ,提出了变正排为斜排的改进方案 ,并在相同条件下对两者的液体力学性能进行初步比较。证明了斜排斜孔塔板是一种适合大液体处理量且操作弹性较宽的塔板     

墩头超长实用堰泄洪安全分析及模型试验验证——以缅甸DAPEIN(Ⅰ)水电站工程为例

以缅甸DAPEIN(Ⅰ)水电站工程为例,论述了将WES实用堰的闸墩墩头向上游超长延伸之后,对泄洪安全所造成的影响。针对WES实用堰流量系数、堰面动水压力容易受边界因子影响的特点,对设计断面的堰顶布置和墩头形状进行了优化。根据堰面空化数计算公式及水流特性推导出计算的关键部位,对空化数进行计算。采用几何比尺为1∶60的物理模型对溢流堰的泄流能力和堰面动水压力进行了试验测试。试验结果表明:溢流堰的模型试验泄流能力和设计泄流能力非常相近。堰面动水压力除工况2的B4测点出现了-1.2 k Pa的微小负压值外,其余堰面时均压强值均大于0。从而,在泄流能力和堰面动水压力两方面都验证了这种设计方案的合理性。该工程所遇到的结构布置问题在中低溢流坝工程中属常见问题,解决思路可为今后类似工程建设借鉴参考。     

国内外苯酚的供需现状及发展前景

目前,全球苯酚的总生产能力约为926万ta/,2004年总消费量为774.5万t,预计到2009年总消费量将达到约945.2万t。2005年我国苯酚的总生产能力约为54.0万ta/,产量为44.3万t,消费量约为73.3万t。预计到2007年和2010年我国苯酚的总生产能力将分别达到约85万ta/和110万ta/,消费量将分别达到约85.0万t和96.0万t。针对目前存在的问题,提出了我国苯酚今后的发展建议。     

大容量矿热炉用电极糊的研制

大容量矿热炉用电极糊，采用电煅无烟煤为主要原料，加入一部分石墨碎，选用合适的配方，其理化指标高，使用效果好．