Human responses to high levels of carbon dioxide and air temperature

In this study, 30 subjects were exposed to different combinations of air temperature (T_a: 24, 27, and 30°C) and CO₂ level (8000, 10 000, and 12 000 ppm) in a high-humidity (RH: 85%) underground climate chamber. Subjective assessments, physiological responses, and cognitive performance were investigated. The results showed that as compared with exposure to T_a = 24°C, exposure to 30°C at all CO₂ levels caused subjects to feel uncomfortably warm and experience stronger odor intensity, while increased mental effort and greater intensity of acute health symptoms were reported. However, no significant effects of T_a on task performance or physiological responses were found. This indicated that subjects had to exert more effort to maintain their performance in an uncomfortably warm environment. Increasing CO₂ from 8000 to 12 000 ppm at all T_a caused subjects to report higher rates of headache, fatigue, agitation, and feeling depressed, although the results were statistically significant only at 24 and 27°C. The text typing performance and systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased significantly at this exposure, whereas diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and thermal discomfort increased significantly. These effects suggest higher arousal/stress. No significant interaction effect of T_a and CO₂ concentration on human responses was identified.     

Prediction of swirling confined diffusion flame with a Monte Carlo and a presumed-PDF-model

This work aims to compare numerical results obtained by using the Monte Carlo composition-PDF method and a presumed-β-PDF in order to reveal their effects on the prediction of flow and scalar fields in swirling confined methane diffusion flame. Using the intrinsic low dimensional manifolds method for modelling the chemistry and a second moment closure for the turbulence, it is shown that both PDF-methods provide a similar accuracy level of the prediction of mean quantities. While the presumed-β-PDF performs using reasonable computational efforts, the Monte Carlo-PDF allows to capture well the turbulence-chemistry interaction and strong finite-chemistry effects such as local extinction.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosized ZSM-5 Zeolite with Mesoporous Carbon Nanotube as Templates

Preparation of nanocrystalline ZSM-5 has been proven possible with carbon matrix by using confined space synthesis. In combination with the hydrothermal method, by the use of a mesoporous carbon nanotube as the inert support material, ZSM-5 with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios of 100 was successfully synthesized with an average crystal size of 27 nm. Their structures were preliminarily characterized by x-ray power diffraction (XRPD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. At the same time, we put forward the mechanism about the confined space synthesis in terms of the results.     

陈垃圾土的压缩性试验研究

首先介绍了重庆市主城区填埋场的现状，论述了深入研究陈垃圾土压缩特性的重要性。作者在简要总结了采样场内陈垃圾土的基本物理性质后。通过室内侧限压缩试验(亦称固结试验)，得出了描述陈垃圾土压缩性质的基本参数，如αv、Es、mv和Cc等，试验表明陈垃圾土是一种不同于常见土类的高压缩性欠固结土，试验结果可为填埋场再利用和已封闭填埋场的沉降计算提供依据。     

双层堤基的井涌破坏与无害管涌

双层堤基水文地质结构特殊，堤基承压水常具独特的“渗而不流”特征。在“不流”条件下，堤后盖层薄弱处受超高承压水头顶裂破坏，产生的局部冒水孔实属承压自流井，由此形成的管涌实质为井涌。底部进水的承压井流影响范围不大，井涌的破坏范围更小，据此可区分出有害管涌与无害管涌。前者局限于堤脚附近，小范围压渗为首选方案；对后者，既无需专门防治，更不必追求根治。     

约束放电激励千瓦级基模CO2激光器

本文研究了约束放电激励千瓦级基模CO2激光器。约束放电激励的思想核心是:利用正交或基本正交的电场或者电磁场在阴极位降区附近形成对带电粒子的捕集阱,由此产生对放电过程中从阴极发出的带电粒子的约束作用从而影响整个气体放电激励过程。     

“磁约束”的防垢、除垢机理分析

讨论了轴对称非均匀磁场对带电粒子的作用，分析了“磁约束”对防垢、除垢的微观机理，指出满足磁约束理论的轴对称非均匀磁场的防垢，除垢效果好的原因，正是由于在这种磁场中，带电粒子的运动被约束在一定磁面上的某一磁感应线附近做以该磁感应线为中心的螺旋运动，且正、负离子的回旋方向相反，从而形成内部相互作用较弱的大分子簇团不易吸附在管壁上，达到防垢目的；磁化水的渗透压较大，可起到除垢效果。     

材料化学工程科学内涵及方法初探:从介观尺度界面流体行为出发认知材料

作为一门新兴的交叉学科,材料化学工程科学内涵的进一步凝练和方法论的建立显得十分重要和迫切。介观尺度下界面流体的研究对于材料化学工程具有重要意义,材料化学工程的科学内涵在于通过认识介观尺度下界面处流体行为来"认知"材料,以期建立材料结构、性能(应用)与制备(生产)三者之间的关系。其中,弄清介观尺度下复杂作用和复杂结构对界面流体行为的影响,是"认知"材料的关键。分子模拟技术作为单因素遴选介观尺度各影响因素的有效手段,在实际应用中存在两大难点:如何同时获得界面流体反应和传递两个方面的信息;如何实现分子层面认识在材料应用层面的转化。基于此,初步讨论了材料化学工程研究方法的发展趋势。     

承压含水层地下水稳定流的有限层分析

有限层法是一种对空间某一方向进行数值离散,而在其余两方向采用连续函数的半数值半解析方法.该方法能有效地将三维问题简化为一维问题求解,从根本上解决了常用数值分析方法在模拟三维地下水运动时存在的计算工作量大、占用内存多、耗时大等缺点.文中基于有限层法的优点,推导了以伽辽金法结合贝塞耳函数为基础的层状非均质各向异性承压含水层的稳定流有限层方程,并编制了相应的计算程序.通过对2个经典算例的数值解与解析解对比分析,验证了该方法的正确性.     

典型城市承压含水层区域性特性

为了避免基坑工程设计和施工中因没有处理好承压水影响而产生的基坑工程事故,研究承压含水层特性.以调查研究杭州钱塘江承压含水层特性为主,参考上海、武汉、北京、天津4个城市有关水文地质方面的研究材料,研究这5个城市的承压含水层特性.比较分析这5个城市的承压含水层埋深、厚度、水位、顶板厚度等特性,介绍各城市典型的工程实例、承压水处理方法及抽降承压水对地面沉降的影响.研究表明:杭州、上海两地潜水与承压水的越流效果不明显,可视条件选择全降水或隔渗帷幕结合减压降水;武汉地区承压含水层埋藏浅,上层承压水可以采用疏干的方法;北京、天津两地单层含水层和隔水层厚度较小,可以尝试自渗降水.