Robots positioning control revisited

Positioning control systems for robot arms are presented within a general framework in view of unification and classification. Treating coupling torques from other links as an external disturbance reduces the design of the control system to that of SISO servomechanisms driving each of the robot axes individually. A short survey of many control strategies proposed in the literature presents them as different methods aiming at attenuation of this disturbance. The use of disturbance observers is shown to provide a nice and simple way for that purpose. This could be applied to the improvement of actual industrial robots at the cost of slight software modifications.     

相对增益矩阵原理在多直流附加调制信号选取中的应用

提出一种多直流附加控制器调制信号的选取方法。首先利用留数分析法选出那些对目标模式可观性最好的广域信号,与直流电流整定点处的输入信号组成配对调制信号方案;其次针对每种调制信号方案,利用相对增益矩阵(relative gain array,RGA)方法量化地考察多直流附加控制回路间的交互影响程度;而后基于RGA方法分析的量化结果,根据RGA的特性为给定的控制点选取最佳直流附加调制信号。由于是在留数分析的基础上进行RGA计算,因此,这种调制信号选取方法可有效降低计算量和缩短选取进程。最后,通过中国南方电网的算例分析验证该方法的正确性和有效性。     

Discrete event simulation of a proton therapy facility: A case study

Proton therapy is a type of particle therapy which utilizes a beam of protons to irradiate diseased tissue. The main difference with respect to conventional radiotherapy (X-rays, γ-rays) is the capability to target tumors with extreme precision, which makes it possible to treat deep-seated tumors and tumors affecting noble tissues as brain, eyes, etc. However, proton therapy needs high-energy cyclotrons and this requires sophisticated control-supervision schema to guarantee, further than the prescribed performance, the safety of the patients and of the operators. In this paper we present the modeling and simulation of the irradiation process of the PROSCAN facility at the Paul Scherrer Institut. This is a challenging task because of the complexity of the operation scenario, which consists of deterministic and stochastic processes resulting from the coordination-interaction among diverse entities such as distributed automatic control systems, safety protection systems, and human operators.     

Analytical fractional PID controller design based on Bode’s ideal transfer function plus time delay

In this paper, a fractional order PID controller cascaded with a fractional filter is proposed for higher order processes. In this analytical design methodology, one or two reduced fractional orders plus time delay models are used to represent higher order system transfer functions. The controller parameters are determined so as to meet certain frequency domain specifications. A unity feedback reference model is employed where Bode’s ideal loop transfer function plus time delay of the fractional order model is placed in the forward path. The addition of this time delay provides the exact determination of frequency domain specifications if the system either intrinsically owns a time delay or a time delay is injected by its reduced order model. The proposed methodology is compared with two other related methodologies and it has been observed that the proposed controller performs much better than the others. Moreover, some empirical formulas for time domain characteristics of the reference model are numerically derived in terms of certain frequency domain specifications and time delay of the fractional reduced order model. The accuracy of these formulas is tested by simulations. The iso-damping, noise attenuation and load disturbance suppression performances of the proposed controller are also considered and compared with those of other related controllers.     

伺服压力机机械负载模拟系统的设计

搭建了整套伺服控制的软硬件系统。为了对伺服压力机的传动系统设计和控制进行优化,构建了一种用伺服电机模拟机械负载动力学特征,以模拟伺服非线性机械负载动力学特征的伺服压力机负载的模拟实验平台。该实验平台采用前馈与转速跟踪结合实施控制,以伺服电机作为可调控柔性负载等效于各种机械负载下的输出,在实验室环境下实现对于各种机械负载的模拟。由于规避了逆动力学特性的引入,本系统具有比以往测功机更好的动态响应特性。     

玻璃纤维缠绕机结构设计和芯模参数化设计

在机械式缠绕机的基础上,增加了吐丝头的伸缩、回转机构及张力控制机构,研发出一种新型的四轴联动的玻璃纤维缠绕机。通过计算机控制使该缠绕机四轴联动,结合相应芯模的缠绕方法,可方便快速的实现对矩形芯模、压力容器芯模等常用芯模的缠绕。为了减小缠绕过程中各层纤维之间张力的影响,采用阶梯式张力控制施加的方法;为了提高芯模的设计速度,基于Solidworks完成常用芯模的参数化设计,并构建了常用芯模的模型库,实现随时调用想要特征的芯模。     

IMC-PID-fractional-order-filter controllers design for integer order systems

One of the reasons of the great success of standard PID controllers is the presence of simple tuning rules, of the automatic tuning feature and of tables that simplify significantly their design. For the fractional order case, some tuning rules have been proposed in the literature. However, they are not general because they are valid only for some model cases. In this paper, a new approach is investigated. The fractional property is not especially imposed by the controller structure but by the closed loop reference model. The resulting controller is fractional but it has a very interesting structure for its implementation. Indeed, the controller can be decomposed into two transfer functions: an integer transfer function which is generally an integer PID controller and a simple fractional filter.     

Genetic based sensorless hybrid intelligent controller for strip loop formation control between inter-stands in hot steel rolling mills

Safe operating environment is essential for all complex industrial processes. The safety issues in steel rolling mill when the hot strip passes through consecutive mill stands have been considered in this paper. Formation of sag in strip is a common problem in the rolling process. The excessive sag can lead to scrap runs and damage to machinery. Conventional controllers for mill actuation system are based on a rolling model. The factors like rise in temperature, aging, wear and tear are not taken into account while designing a conventional controller. Therefore, the conventional controller cannot yield a requisite controlled output. In this paper, a new Genetic-neuro-fuzzy hybrid controller without tension sensor has been proposed to optimize the quantum of excessive sag and reduce it. The performance of the proposed controller has been compared with the performance of fuzzy logic controller, Neuro-fuzzy controller and conventional controller with the help of data collected from the plant. The simulation results depict that the proposed controller has superior performance than the other controllers.     

An improved auto-tuning scheme for PI controllers

Ziegler-Nichols tuned PI and PID controllers are usually found to provide poor performances for high-order and nonlinear systems. In this study, an improved auto-tuning scheme is presented for Ziegler-Nichols tuned PI controllers (ZNPICs). With a view to improving the transient response, the proportional and integral gains of the proposed controller are continuously modified based on the current process trend. The proposed controller is tested for a number of high-order linear and nonlinear dead-time processes under both set-point change and load disturbance. It exhibits significantly improved performance compared to ZNPIC, and Refined Ziegler-Nichols tuned PI controller (RZNPIC). Robustness of the proposed scheme is established by varying the controller parameters as well as the dead-time of the process under control.