Electron-Impact Cross Sections for Ground State to np Excitations of Sodium and Potassium

Cross sections for electron impact excitation of atoms are important for modeling of low temperature plasmas and gases. While there are many experimental and theoretical results for excitation to the first excited states, little information is available for excitation to higher states. We present here calculations of excitations from the ground state to the np levels of sodium (n = 3 through 11) and potassium (n = 4 through 12). We also present a calculation for a transition from the excited sodium level 3p to 3d to show the generality of the method. Scaling formulas developed earlier by Kim [Phys. Rev. A 64, 032713 (2001)] for plane-wave Born cross sections are used. These formulas have been shown to be remarkably accurate yet simple to use. We have used a core polarization potential in a Dirac-Fock wave function code to calculate target atom wave functions and a matching form of the dipole transition operator to calculate oscillator strengths and Born cross sections. The scaled Born results here for excitation to the first excited levels are in very good agreement with experimental and other theoretical data, and the results for excitation to the next few levels are in satisfactory agreement with the limited data available. The present results for excitation to the higher levels are believed to be the only data available.     

A three-dimensional model describing stress-temperature induced solid phase transformations: thermomechanical coupling and hybrid composite applications

Between composite materials, shape memory alloy (SMA) composites are having a more and more relevant role. Typically, SMA wires are embedded in a metallic or a polymeric matrix to obtain materials with native multi-functionality and adaptive properties. This work approaches the computational study of the mechanical response of a composite in which SMA wires, previously deformed, are activated by electrical current heating, and accordingly try to recover the original shape inducing a shape change or a prestress in the structure. In particular, since the SMA behaviour is strongly affected by the thermo-mechanical coupling, in the first part of this work we present a 3D phenomenological model able to take into account this aspect. The model time-discrete counterpart is used to develop a 3D solid finite element able to describe the thermo-electro-mechanical coupled problem due to shape memory alloy response and to Joule effect. Finally, in the second part of the paper, we employ the developed computational tool to simulate different feasible SMA composite applications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical solution of second‐order,two‐point boundary value problems using continuous genetic algorithms

Second‐order, two‐point boundary‐value problems are encountered in many engineering applications including the study of beam deflections, heat flow, and various dynamic systems. Two classical numerical techniques are widely used in the engineering community for the solution of such problems; the shooting method and finite difference method. These methods are suited for linear problems. However, when solving the non‐linear problems, these methods require some major modifications that include the use of some root‐finding technique. Furthermore, they require the use of other basic numerical techniques in order to obtain the solution. In this paper, the author introduces a novel method based on continuous genetic algorithms for numerically approximating a solution to this problem. The new method has the following characteristics; first, it does not require any modification while switching from the linear to the non‐linear case; as a result, it is of versatile nature. Second, this approach does not resort to more advanced mathematical tools and is thus easily accepted in the engineering application field. Third, the proposed methodology has an implicit parallel nature which points to its implementation on parallel machines. However, being a variant of the finite difference scheme with truncation error of the order O(h²), the method provides solutions with moderate accuracy. Numerical examples presented in the paper illustrate the applicability and generality of the proposed method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业战略浅议

现代企业竞争在相当程度上表现为战略思维、战略定位的竞争，企业战略管理已被提到空前高度，结合笔者学习和工作的感悟简要论述企业战略。     

LEC SI-GaAs中AB微缺陷和它对MESFET跨导性能的影响

用AB腐蚀液对SI GaAs晶片进行AB微缺陷显示 (AB微缺陷密度AB EPD :10 3～ 10 4 cm- 2 量级 ) ,用KOH腐蚀液显示位错 (位错密度EPD :10 4cm- 2 量级 ) ,发现衬底上的位错对器件跨导没有明显的影响 ,而用AB腐蚀液显示的AB微缺陷对器件性能及均匀性有明确的影响 :低AB EPD的片子跨导大 ;高AB EPD的片子跨导小。AB EPD有一临界值 ,当AB EPD高于此值时 ,跨导陡然下降。另外 ,还利用扫描光致发光光谱 (PLmapping)对衬底进行了测量 ,得出了与上述结果相符的结果。     

燃用低中热值煤气的燃气轮机机组结构特性及运行维护要点

简要介绍了燃气轮机发电技术的最新进展情况，分析了钢铁企业建设燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电机组以高效回收和利用钢铁企业煤气资源问题的背景，探讨了燃烧低中热值煤气的燃气轮机机组结构特性及运行维护要点。     

同步任意值计数器的设计

多值计数器的设计与二值计数器的设计不相同，因为一般多值触发器本身并不具有多值计数功能，所以多值计数器的设计首先要解决如何实现一位多值计数器的计数问题；另外要解决如何实现多位计数器的低位向高位的进位问题．此外，还介绍了几种具有代表性的四值计数器的设计，其方法可适用于任意值计数器的设计．     

循环式运动规约还原数值的算法分析

针对企业管理信息系统开发者在对变电所数据的自动采集和实时监控中存在的问题，描述了循环式运动规约帧结构、同步字、控制字、信息字等的组成，指出了自动采集数据的实现思路，给出了所用到的数据库表及其之间的关系，通过程序流程图详细给出了循环式运动规约中电能脉冲数值方式将二进制数据还原成十进制数值，并与其所对应的地址及电表相对应的方法。     

辩诉交易应该缓行

作者在对辩诉交易的渊源、价值目标以及在美国盛行的原因进行分析的基础上，指出我国目前尚不具备建立辩诉交易的条件。因此，辩诉交易应该缓行。     

行政改革的制度安排及其价值观念的重建

中国改革进入了一个新的重要时期,经济改革所面临的任务已经不可能仅仅在经济领域内解决.中国的改革必须解决旧体制遗留的深层体制矛盾,必须在政治改革与政治文明方面做出创新.社会主义市场经济作为我国政府行政改革的强烈的现实需求和逻辑起点,通过系统性的制度安排来实现行政改革的目标.在这一过程中,政府价值观念必须建立在政府的公共性基础上,提升政府自身能力,继续推进国家的现代化进程.